Describe the Anatomy & Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is another term for Cardiovascular System?

Answer 1

Circulatory System

Question 2

What is the Circulatory System responsible for?

Answer 2

The movement of blood and lymph around the body

Question 3

What does the Circulatory System allow for?

Answer 3

Nutrient distribution, waste removal, communication, and protection

Question 4

What is the Heart made up of?

Answer 4

Muscle tissue

Question 5

The Heart is split up into how many chambers?

Answer 5

Four

Question 6

The upper chambers are called

Answer 6

Atria

Question 7

The lower chambers are called

Answer 7

Ventricles

Question 8

The atria and ventricles are attached to ___ and ___ that are connected to different parts of the body

Answer 8

Veins, Arteries

Question 9

One-way valves control:

Answer 9

The flow of blood into and out of the chambers of the heart

Question 10

What vital functions do the Cardiovascular System perform?

Answer 10

Transporting nutrients, wastes, chemical messengers, and immune molecules

Question 11

How many circulatory systems are there?

Answer 11

Two

Question 12

What is the Closed Circulatory System?

Answer 12

A double loop system consisting of thick-walled arteries that transport blood away from the heart, thinner-walled veins that transport blood to the heart, and capillaries made up of a single layer epithelium that form a network that connect arteries to veins in tissues

Question 13

What is the Open Lymphatic System?

Answer 13

Circulates and filters interstitial fluid between cells and eventually drains into the circulatory system

Question 14

What does the closed, double-loop system transport?

Answer 14

Blood

Question 15

How many parts are in the double-loop system and what are they called?

Answer 15

Two, Pulmonary and Systole

Question 16

What does the pulmonary loop do?

Answer 16

It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium

Question 17

What does the systemic loop do?

Answer 17

It carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 18

What two cycles of contractions do the heart undergo?

Answer 18

Systole and Diastole

Question 19

What does Systole indicate?

Answer 19

Contraction of heart muscles

Question 20

What does Diastole indicate?

Answer 20

Relaxation of heart muscles

Question 21

What is the Heart Cycle?

Answer 21

The ventricles contract, causing the antrioventricular valves (including the mitral and tricuspid valves) to close, making a “lub” sound. The empty ventricles are filled by blood pushed out during atrial systole. At the same time, the semilunar valves in the aorta and pulmonary arteries close, preventing blood from falling back into the ventricles, making a “dub” sound.

Question 22

What is ventricular contraction also called?

Answer 22

Ventricular Systole

Question 23

Contractions are controlled by a ___ called the ___

Answer 23

Pacemaker, Sinoatrial Node

Question 24

What does the Sinoatrial Node do?

Answer 24

Send out electrical signals for contractions

Question 25

Why does Arteries have thick walls?

Answer 25

To withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

Question 26

Do veins have thick or thin walls and small or large lumen?

Answer 26

Thin muscle layer walls and large lumen

Question 27

What does Blood Plasma contain?

Answer 27

Nutrients, hormones, antibodies, and other immune proteins

Question 28

What does Red Blood Cells contain?

Answer 28

Hemoglobin

Question 29

What do Red Blood Cells do?

Answer 29

Transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

Question 30

Where does Carbon Dioxide dissolve?

Answer 30

In plasma

Question 31

Where is Carbon Dioxide removed?

Answer 31

By the lungs

Question 32

White Blood Cells are divided into:

Answer 32

Leukocytes and Lymphocytes

Question 33

What do White Blood Cells do?

Answer 33

Defend against pathogens

Question 34

What do the Open Circulatory System's Capillaries do?

Answer 34

Drain interstitial fluid that fills spaces between the cells and filter it through a system of lymph nodes that are enriched in lymphocytes and provide surveillance by the immune system

Question 35

Lymph (especially plasma with the red blood cells removed) eventually drains into the...

Answer 35

Large veins leading back to the heart

Question 36

What are enriched in lymph nodes and what do they do?

Answer 36

Leukocytes and lymphocytes, they monitor and respond to foreign molecules washed into the system

Question 37

Where are lymph nodes located?

Answer 37

Oral, nasal, and genital regions where foreign entities enter the body

Question 38

What is the Blood Flow through the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 38

Oxygenated blood in the left ventricle pumps through the body. As it flows through arteries to capillaries, it transports oxygen to tissues and picks up carbon dioxide. Then, the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through veins. This blood is now deoxygenated and concentrated with carbon dioxide. It enters the heart through the right atrium and then flows into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood towards the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide. Then it returns to the heart through the left atrium and starts the cycle again