Describe the Anatomy & Physiology of the Endocrine System

Question 1

What is the Endocrine System?

Answer 1

A set of organs that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system

Question 2

What are Hormones?

Answer 2

Various chemicals formed and then released by the body into the blood and act as signals to organs to perform various functions

Question 3

What is a Gland?

Answer 3

A specific type of organ that secretes hormones into the blood to target and affect other organs

Question 4

What are the major Glands in the Endocrine System?

Answer 4

Pineal, Pituitary, Thyroid and Parathyroid, Thymus, and Adrenal

Question 5

What organs contain Endocrine tissue and produce Hormones?

Answer 5

Pancreas and the Ovaries or Testes

Question 6

What is the Hypothalamus?

Answer 6

It’s apart of the brain and it controls the pituitary gland that sits just below it

Question 7

Where is the Pineal Gland located?

Answer 7

Middle of the brain

Question 8

Where is the Thyroid and Parathyroid located?

Answer 8

Found in the neck

Question 9

Where are Adrenal Glands located?

Answer 9

On the top of each kidney

Question 10

How does the Endocrine System regulate many body functions?

Answer 10

By controlling the timing and number of hormones released

Question 11

All body systems are regulated by the ___ ___ in some way

Answer 11

Endocrine System

Question 12

Some examples of regulation by the Endocrine System are:

Answer 12

Regulation of blood production, appetite, reproduction, brain function, sleep cycle, electrolyte balance, growth, sexual development, and response to stress and injury

Question 13

___ and ___ secrete hormones into the blood to be transported to target organs and tissues to control their function

Answer 13

Glands, Organs

Question 14

The Pancreas releases the hormone ___, which signals cells to uptake ___

Answer 14

Insulin, Sugar

Question 15

High Blood Sugar levels can result in:

Answer 15

Insulin Resistance and Type II Diabetes

Question 16

What is Type I Diabetes?

Answer 16

When the Pancreas can not produce enough insulin, the body’s own immune cells mistakenly destroy insulin-producing cells

Question 17

What other hormone is released from the Pancreas when blood sugar levels drop?

Answer 17

Glucagon

Question 18

Glucagon promotes the breakdown of:

Answer 18

Glycogen

Question 19

Where is Glycogen stored?

Answer 19

Liver and in muscle cells

Question 20

Glycogen is broken down into ___, which raises blood sugar levels

Answer 20

Glucose

Question 21

Glucose can then be used by cells for:

Answer 21

Energy

Question 22

What gland releases the hormone melatonin, which is involved in regulating sleep cycles?

Answer 22

The Pineal Gland

Question 23

What Hormones can enter a cell and regulate DNA?

Answer 23

Lipid-based

Question 24

What hormones are released in a pattern set by age and development, and their effects are long lasting?

Answer 24

Some nonpolar, fat-soluble hormones, such as estrogen and progestogen

Question 25

What are Reproductive Hormones responsible for?

Answer 25

Gamete production

Question 26

What Hormones are released in response to stress and their actions are short lived?

Answer 26

Polar, water-soluble hormones

Question 27

Hormone receptors on the cell membrane causes:

Answer 27

Cellular changes to regulate and control body functions

Question 28

What happens when the Adrenal Glands secrete Epinephrine into the bloodstream? And what is this called?

Answer 28

Heart rate, blood pressure, muscle strength, and metabolism increase This is called the Fight-or-Flight response

Question 29

What can cause metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and gigantism?

Answer 29

Hormone imbalance

Question 30

To diagnose Hyperthyroidism, doctors look for:

Answer 30

Elevated levels of thyroxine in the blood

Question 31

What occurs when the pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone, causing excessive growth?

Answer 31

Gigantism

Question 32

Hormone levels are often measured to determine:

Answer 32

If an endocrine-related disease is present

Question 33

What system is involved in rapid communication within the body as it detects stimuli and coordinates responses quickly?

Answer 33

Nervous System

Question 34

The Endocrine System is generally involved with ___ and ___ ___ responses to stimuli than the Nervous System

Answer 34

Slower, Long-Lasting

Question 35

The integration of the Endocrine and Nervous Systems is called:

Answer 35

The activation of the Neuroendocrine System

Question 36

The Hypothalamus of the brain directs the activities of the ___ gland.

Answer 36

Pituitary

Question 37

Specialized cells in the Hypothalamus secrete Hormones called ___ or ___ to the Pituitary

Answer 37

Releasing Hormones or Inhibiting Hormones

Question 38

An example of the activation of the neuroendocrine system:

Answer 38

Childbirth. During labor, the pressure of the fetus on the cervix sends signals through the nervous system to the hypothalamus, which results in oxytocin being secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. The hormone oxytocin stimulates contractions of the uterus and leads to childbirth