Explain Mendel's Laws of Heredity Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Explain Mendel's Laws of Heredity Deck (42)
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1
Q

Laws of Heredity refer to:

A

Principles regarding how traits are passed on to offspring

2
Q

One of Mendel’s observations was that there are differences in the prevalence of trains which means:

A

Some traits are more likely to be passed on than others

3
Q

Mendel hypothesized that offspring inherit ___ from their parents

A

Factors

4
Q

Today, Factor’s are known as:

A

Genes

5
Q

Each Gene for a trait comes in varieties called

A

Alleles

6
Q

Recessive Allele is only expressed when:

A

Both Alleles are recessive

7
Q

What is Mendel’s Third Law?

A

The Law of Dominance

8
Q

What is the Law of Dominance?

A

When both Allele’s are recessive

9
Q

Offspring inherit ___ copies of each Gene

A

Two

10
Q

There are ___ Alleles for each Gene

A

Two

11
Q

Combination of two Alleles is called a:

A

Genotype

12
Q

If the Chromosome contains two Alleles that are the same, that Genotype is called:

A

Homozygous

13
Q

If the Chromosome contains two different Alleles, that Genotype is called:

A

Heterozygous

14
Q

The Alleles that are present in an organism determine the ___ of the organism

A

Phenotype

15
Q

What is Phenotype?

A

The expression of the genes for that trait. Phenotypes are physical traits such as color or unseen traits such as blood type

16
Q

Offspring express either a Dominant or Recessive Phenotype based on:

A

The two Alleles inherited for a trait

17
Q

Passed from parent to offspring through Gametes (egg or sperm):

A

Inherited Traits

18
Q

Each Gamete carries ___ Chromosome if the Chromosome pair and only ___ copy of each Gene

A

One, One

19
Q

Culturally influenced behavior is or is not considered inherited?

A

NOT

20
Q

Mendel’s Law of Heredity focus’s on ___ traits

A

Inherited

21
Q

What is one way to predict the likelihood of trains in Offspring?

A

Punnet Square

22
Q

What is a Punnet Square?

A

A chart that can be used to determine the ratios of the Genotypes of offspring from a reproductive cross

23
Q

To use a Punnet Square, you must know:

A

The Genotypes of the parents

24
Q

Genotypes are represented by:

A

Two letters

25
Q

Capital letters represents:

A

Dominant Alleles

26
Q

Small letters represents:

A

Recessive Alleles

27
Q

PP means:

A

Two dominant Alleles

28
Q

pp means:

A

Two recessive Alleles

29
Q

Pp means:

A

Heterozygous genotype

30
Q

Mendel’s Law of Segregation states:

A

Offspring inherit 1 Allele from each parent for a trait, and no Allele is favored or has an advantage over the others

31
Q

What is a Dihybrid Cross?

A

The inheritance of two traits using a Punnett Square

32
Q

A Dihybrid Cross illustrates:

A

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

33
Q

A Dihybrid tracks:

A

The inheritance of two different traits and starts with a parental cross of two true breeding or homozygous organisms

34
Q

Results hold true only if:

A

Parental genes for a trait must segregate or separate equally and randomly into haploid gametes (sperm or eggs) that way offspring have an equal chance of inheriting either Allele

35
Q

In Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment, one parent is ___ ___ for both traits and the other is ___ ___ for both traits

A

Homozygous Dominant, Homozygous Recessive

36
Q

In Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment, the Offspring (F1) generation are all:

A

Heterozygous (YyRr) and show only 2 dominant traits

37
Q

When an F1 cross is formed, the F2 generation shows:

A

Both dominant and recessive traits, resulting in a ratio of 9:3:3:1

38
Q

How many Phenotypes will appear in Mendel’s Law of Assortment?

A

Four, because the Alleles are not inherited together

39
Q

Non-Mendelian inheritance occurs when:

A

There are factors other than dominant and recessive Alleles in play

40
Q

Mendelian ratios occur when:

A

Simple dominance-recessive relationship exists between two Alleles

41
Q

What does Non-Mendelian result from?

A

Factors such as multiple Alleles (ex. blood groups A, B, and O), Incomplete dominance-recessive relationships that lead to an intermediate (ex. red and white alleles making pink flowers), Co-dominance (ex. AB blood groups express both A and B proteins), and Interactions between genes called “epistatis”

42
Q

If the 3:1 or 9:3:3:1 relationship is not obtained when the F2 Phenotypes are analyzed, it is indicative of:

A

Non-Mendelian Inheritance