Describe the Anatomy & Physiology of the Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the Respiratory System’s main function?

Answer 1

Perform critical tasks involved in transporting oxygen from the atmosphere into the body’s cells and removing carbon dioxide from the body’s cells

Question 2

What is the process of bringing oxygen into the lungs?

Answer 2

Ventilation or breathing

Question 3

Explain how air travels

Answer 3

Air enters through nasal openings, move into the nasal cavity, and travels past the pharynx (throat) and into the trachea. Air continues to the first division of the trachea: the right and left bronchus. The air in the right bronchus continues to the right lung and the air in the left bronchus continues to the left lung. The right and left bronchi subdivide into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles

Question 4

Where do Bronchioles terminate?

Answer 4

In Alveoli

Question 5

What is Alveoli?

Answer 5

Site of gas exchange

Question 6

What is Alveoli bathed in?

Answer 6

Aqueous surfactant

Question 7

What is Aqueous Surfactant?

Answer 7

Serves as a medium for gas exchange and keeps the lungs from collapsing on itself by maintaining surface tension

Question 8

Which lung is larger?

Answer 8

The right lung because the heart is on the left side and allows more space

Question 9

How many lobes does the right lung have and what are they?

Answer 9

3: Superior, Middle, and Inferior

Question 10

How many lobes does the left lung have and what are they?

Answer 10

2: Superior and Inferior

Question 11

What is each lobe divided into?

Answer 11

Bronchopulmonary segments

Question 12

What is each lobe contained with and surrounded by?

Answer 12

Pleura and Pleura fluid

Question 13

What is Pleura?

Answer 13

Tough protective double membrane contained in the lobes of the lungs

Question 14

Where are the lungs located?

Answer 14

In the Thoracic cavity

Question 15

Is the heart part of the respiratory system?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

The heart’s pulmonary system sends blood ___ in oxygen and ___ in carbon dioxide to the lungs where oxygen is ___ and carbon dioxide is ___

Answer 16

Low, High, Picked up, Dropped off

Question 17

As oxygen is consumed by the cells, the blood becomes ___ and is returned to the ___

Answer 17

Deoxygenated, Heart

Question 18

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs by

Answer 18

Diffusion

Question 19

What is diffusion?

Answer 19

A passive transport mechanism

Question 20

What happens during diffusion?

Answer 20

Oxygen in the lungs moves into the blood, and carbon dioxide in the blood moves into the lungs

Question 21

Where do the lungs exhale the carbon dioxide into?

Answer 21

The atmosphere

Question 22

When the heart pulmonary vessels enter the lungs, the blood has a ___ concentration of oxygen, whereas recently inhaled air in the alveoli has a ___ concentration of oxygen compared to the capillaries

Answer 22

Low, High

Question 23

Molecules move from regions of ___ concentrations to ___ concentrations

Answer 23

High, Low

Question 24

What allows diffusion?

Answer 24

The thin alveolar epithelium

Question 25

Inhalation brings in ___, Exhalation releases ___

Answer 25

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide

Question 26

Ventilation occurs as a combination of

Answer 26

Muscle action and negative pressure

Question 27

What contracts simultaneously to increase the volume of the lungs?

Answer 27

The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles of the ribs

Question 28

___ and ___ from lungs clear out air rich in carbon dioxide and replace it with air rich in oxygen

Answer 28

Periodic Inspiration, Expiration

Question 29

What is Tidal Volume?

Answer 29

The amount of air breathed in and out of the lungs

Question 30

What is the residual capacity?

Answer 30

A small amount of air rich in carbon dioxide that remains trapped in alveoli after expiration and mixes with the air rich in oxygen brought in through inspiration

Question 31

What is the breathing centers of the brain?

Answer 31

Medulla Oblongata

Question 32

What does the Medulla Oblongata do?

Answer 32

Controls respiration through monitoring carbon dioxide levels and blood pH

Question 33

If blood pH starts to decrease/increase, then respiration rates will ___/___ to balance carbon dioxide and oxygen levels

Answer 33

Increase, Decrease

Question 34

What are some environmental pollutants that can impede lung function?

Answer 34

Chemicals, pollen, and smoke

Question 35

What can environmental pollutants cause?

Answer 35

Damaging cilia or causing emphysema, allergies, and inflammation

Question 36

What is Asthma?

Answer 36

A condition in which the airways of respiratory system narrow resulting from the swelling of the airways or from mucous build up. Thus, making it difficult to inhale and exhale normal amounts of air

Question 37

What are some genetic conditions that can impede lung action?

Answer 37

Lung surfactant insufficiency, asthma, and cystic fibrosis

Question 38

What are some pathogens that effect lung function and causes diseases?

Answer 38

Influenza, tuberculosis, and pneumonia