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VMS 2006 > Congenital Neoplasia > Flashcards

Congenital Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three stages that testicular descent occurs in?

A
  1. Transabdominal migration
  2. Intra-Inguinal Migration
  3. Extra-Inguinal Migration
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2
Q

What helps pull the testis towards the scrotum?

A

Gubernaculum

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3
Q

What is an important indicator of DSD’s in females?

A

Clitromegaly- swelling in the erectile tissue of the clitoris

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4
Q

What does the TFM mutation in humans, mice, rats, horses, cattle and cats cause?

A

lack of androgen receptors in all cells

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5
Q

What is a complete sex reversal in females?

A
  • Autosomal recessive X acts like a Y gene
  • XX, but phenotype Male
  • Reported in dogs, pigs and goats
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6
Q

What is a cystic mesonephric tubule remnant?

A
  • Common around the ovary and uterine tubes, especially in mares
  • will contain smooth muscle in the walls
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7
Q

What is cystic rete ovarii?

A

arises from rete ovarii, no smooth muscle in the wall
* may compress the ovary and interfere with function

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8
Q

What are fimbrial cysts the remnants of?

A

remnants of the paramesonephric duct, incidental

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9
Q

Where are mesonephric duct remnants commonly found?

A

Common along the uterine tubes, cervix, cranial vagina
may be found in the myometrium

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10
Q

What is the complete absence of a uterine horn?

A

uterus unicornis

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11
Q

What is an imperforate hymen?

A

failure of fusion of the paramesonephric ducts with the urogenital sinus
leading to distension of the more proximal tract

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12
Q

What is cryptochordism?

A

Incompete descent of the testis and associated structures
* retained testis fails to develop and looks immature- can regress over time

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13
Q

What does cryptochordism compromise?

A

It compromised fertility, makes you more prone to neoplasia

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14
Q

What is a dog with cryptochordism also prone to?

A

Torsion

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15
Q

What does an XXY genotype look like phenotypically?

A

Ambiguous phenotype and/or infertility, hypoplastic internal genitalia

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16
Q

In what animal species are XXY genotypes common?

A

Male calico or tortoiseshell cats

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17
Q

What genotype is the most common male DSD?

A

XY, as it includes any defect in the male tract

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18
Q

What is persistent Mullerian-Duct Syndrome?

A
  • XY SRY + Testicular male DSD in miniature schnauzers
  • Retention of the paramesonephric duct
  • Can also develop pyometra/ hydrometra
  • Often also cryptorchid
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19
Q

What is hypospadia?

A

Failure of midline fusion, leading to a defect

20
Q

What is testicular hypoplasia?

A

Failure of the testis to grow to a normal size

can only be confirmed after puberty

21
Q

In what animal species is testicular hypoplasia hereditary in?

A

Bulls, Rams and Bucks

22
Q

What usually causes Monorchism?

A

unilateral degeneration rather than agenesis

23
Q

What occurs with aplasia of the mesonephric duct?

A
  • absence of the epididymal tail most common
  • sperm is still produced but cant get out
  • Tubules dilate and form spermatic granulomas
  • causes pressure atrophy of the testis
24
Q

What is a spermatic granuloma of the epididymal head?

A

Due to failure of the effeerent ductules to form the epididymal duct
Sperm builds up in blind-ended tubules
Tubules rupture and form granulomas
Inflammation and fibrosis block the other ducts

25
Q

What species are spermatic granuloma of the epididymal head common in?

A

Polled Goats, Boston Terriors

26
Q

What is a persistent penis frenulum?

A
  • Failuee of the penis to separate completely from the prepuce
27
Q

What cattle species has a pendulous penis and therefore can have weak preputial muscles

A

Bos indicus cattle

28
Q

What is a papillary cystadenoma?

A

benign neoplasm, common in the bitch
* papillary projections from the ovary resemble a cauliflower

29
Q

What animal is the granulosa cell tumour common in?

A

Mares

30
Q

What does an ovarian neoplasia (granuloma cell tumour) look like grossly?

A
  • Cystic on the cut surface but can also be solid
  • Solid areas are white or yellow depending on the lipid content
31
Q

What is dysgerminoma?

A

Cancer that originates in the germ cells of females

32
Q

What does dysgerminoma look like

A

Smooth, Soft, Grey, Patchy necrosis and haemorrhage- lots of mitotic figures

33
Q

What does canine TVT look like?

A

Papillary projections from the epithelium that grow rapidly into ulcerated, friable, masses
* Round Cell Tumour with marked anisocytosis and high mitotic count
* more aggressive in malnourished/immunocompromised animals and can effect periorbital mucosa in these animals

34
Q

What does bovine papillomavirus 1 lesions look like grossly?

A

Vulval and penile fibropapillomas in young animals (1-2 years)
The most common vulval tumour of cows
Mostly connective tissue
Benign but can interfere with the movement of the penis
Regress spontaneously

35
Q

What does a transmissible genital papilloma in pigs affect?

A
  • preputial diverticulum of baors and the vulva of sows
  • 1-3cm papular lesions that regress spontaneously
36
Q

What is the testes determining factor?

A

SRY

37
Q

What is Chimerism?

A
  • Mutation of the genetic material in the cell
  • Fusion of one or more zygotes
38
Q

What is mosaicism?

A

When a person has two or more genetically different sets of cells in the body

39
Q

What species does the TFM mutation cause a lack of androgen receptors in all cells in?

species

XY genotype, XX phenotype

A
  • humans
  • mice
  • rats
  • horses
  • cattle
  • cats
40
Q

What causes the XY genotype to have a female phenotype?

A

TFM mutation
lack of androgen receptors in all cells (no testosterone)

41
Q

What ovarian congenital anomalie can form in horses, cattle, and dogs

A

Vascular Hamartomas

42
Q

What can happen if there is an imperforate hymen?

A
  • Can cause secretions to accumulate
  • this leads to distension of the proximal tract
43
Q

What animal is a granulosa cell tumour common in?

A

Common in mares

44
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

Solid and cystic areas, with hair, sebaceous material, nervous tissue, bone, cartilage etc.

45
Q

In what animal species is a teratoma most common?

A

In males, mostly young foals

46
Q

How can TVT’s be transmitted?

A

Coitus and sometimes by Sniffing/ Licking

47
Q

What is a canine TVT?

A

Papillary projection from the epithelium that grow rapidly into ulcerated, friable masses that protrude from the vulva in females
* More aggressive in malnourished/ immunocomprimised animals

VMS 2006 (25 decks)

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