Male Reproductive Pathology II

Question 1

When is canine prostate disease most common?

Answer 1

Entire male dogs, older than 6 years old

Question 2

What are the overlapping clinical signs of canine prostate disease?

Answer 2

• Ejaculatory failure
• Urinary and defecatory tenesmus
• Haemaria

Question 3

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 3

Spontaeous development of glandular hyperplasia above three years

Question 4

What promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 4

Promoted by a change in oestrogen and testosterone secretion by the testis

Question 5

What drives prostate growth?

Answer 5

Increased DHT

Question 6

What bacteria usually causes acute prostatitis?

Answer 6

E.Coli

Question 7

What does chronic prostatis usually cause?

Answer 7

Abcessation

Question 8

What does chronic prostatitis look like?

Answer 8

• Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
• Neutrophils in ejaculate

Question 9

What is paraphimosis?

Answer 9

unable to retract the engorged penis into the prepuce

Question 10

What is Phimosis?

Answer 10

Inability to protrude the penis from the prepuce

Question 11

What is coital exanthema?

Answer 11

• Transmissable at breeding, pustules around the preputial folds- self resolves after 3 weeks

Question 12

What is bovine papillomavirus?

Answer 12

• Benign tumours that generally regress
• Ocassional malignant transformation to SCC
• Equine Sarcoidosis

Question 13

What is penile SCC?

Answer 13

Most common penile neoplasia

Question 14

What do SCC lesions look like?

Answer 14

• Heavily keratinised plaques
• early = raised, ulcerated lesion
• late = cauliflower-like lesion

Question 15

What does a penile melanoma look like?

Answer 15

• Much less common
• Grey horses are more susceptible
• Generally slow growing

Question 16

What is habrenomiasis?

Answer 16

Migrating and encysted habronema larvae- transmitted via biting flies

Question 17

What causes urethral diverticulitis?

Answer 17

Smegma stones

accumulations of inspissated smegma within the urethral diverticulum

Question 18

In what animals is penile SCC most common?

Answer 18

Horses

Question 19

What happens if there is an ascending infection in the ampullary gland?

Answer 19

Excludes sperm from the ejaculate

Question 20

How likely is a bulbourethral condition?

Answer 20

rare or poorly recognised

Question 21

How likely is seminal vasculitis?

Answer 21

Relatively common in the bull and stallion

Question 22

How likely is prostate disease?

Answer 22

Recognised in all species but most common in dogs (older and entire animals)

Question 23

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia also known as?

Answer 23

Enlarged prostate

Question 24

What are the overlapping clinicals signs of canine prostate disease

Answer 24

• Ejaculatory failure
• Urinary and defecatory tenesmus
• Haematura

Question 25

What promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia in dogs?

Answer 25

changes in the oestrogen, testosterone ratio secreted by the testis * increased dihydrotestosterone drives prostate growth

Question 26

What may blockage of canaliculi cause?

Answer 26

progressive cyst development

Question 27

Who is most at risk of acute prostatitis?

Answer 27

Mature male dogs with systemic disease (anorexia/pyrexia)

Question 28

What does chronic prostatitis go on to cause?

Answer 28

abcessation * recurent urinary tract infection/discharge * neutrophils in ejaculate

Question 29

What is the most frequent prostate neoplasia?

Answer 29

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostatic urethr

Question 30

What is the result of prolonged paraphimosis?

Answer 30

* Increasingly oedematous and fibrosis * may lose the erectile capacity

Question 31

How would you care for a dog with paraphimosis?

Answer 31

Penis supported against the ventral abdomen susceptible trauma, dessication, infection and cellulitis Emollients massage Then return penis to the prepuce manually when possible

Question 32

What are the usual causes for phimosis?

Answer 32

Constriction of the external preputial orifice or internal preputial ring

Question 33

What may cause acquired phimosis?

Answer 33

* Secondary to trauma * Bee-stings * Neoplasia * Habronemiasis

Question 34

What are the risk factors for phimosis?

Answer 34

* Poor hygeine * Smegma * Posthitis * Scarring and obesity (excessive accumulation of ingional fat)

Question 35

What are the potential complications for penile trauma?

Answer 35

* Paraphimosis * Fibrosis and scarring * Interference with fascial freedom

Question 36

What does an advanced penile melanoma look like?

Answer 36

Pain and physical barrier to breeding

Question 37

What is priapism?

Answer 37

Persistent infection not assocaited with breeding activity in the absence of oedema or any other clear signs of trauma

Question 38

What is EHV-3?

Answer 38

Coital exanthema transmissable at breeding pustules around the preputial folds Self resolving (3 weeks)

Question 39

What is Bovine Papillomavirus?

Answer 39

* Benign tumour that generally regresses * occassional malignant trasnformation to SCC * Equine sarcoidosis

Question 40

What is the canine transmissable venereal tumour?

Answer 40

Has no evidence of viral involvement Direct transmission,