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Physiology 2 > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What are the risks of using contraception?

A

CVS, neoplastic, emotional, infection, allergies and iatrogenic issues

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2
Q

What are the risks of not using contraception?

A

Childbirth related risks, abortion related risks and socioeconomic costs

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3
Q

What are the benefits of using contraception?

A

Psychosexual, choice, sexual health, cost savings and female equality

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4
Q

What are the benefits of not using contraception?

A

Non-interference, population growth and control of women

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5
Q

What is the Combined oral contraceptive pill made of?

A

A mix of oestrogen and progesterone

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6
Q

Where do oestrogens act when using the combined oral pill?

A

On the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus, directly on the ovary and on the endometrium

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7
Q

Where do the progestagens act when using the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

Anterior pituitary and hypothalamus, directly on the ovary, on the endometrium, uterine tubes and cervical mucus

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8
Q

What do progestagens do to the endometrium?

A

Thin it out

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9
Q

What do progestagens do to the uterine tubes?

A

Cause muscle atrophy

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10
Q

What do progestagens do on the cervical mucus?

A

Thicken it so sperm can’t get through

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11
Q

What are the benefits of the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

Reliable, safe, unrelated to sex, woman is in control, quickly reversible, helps other issues with periods

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12
Q

What are the risks of being on the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

CV (clotting disorders, high blood pressure, DVT etc), neoplastic, GI (weight gain, insulin metabolism), hepatic, dermatological (acne) and mood swings, depression and altered libido

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13
Q

What medication interacts with the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

Liver enzyme inducing drugs and broad spectrum antibiotics

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14
Q

What are the rules for taking the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

Start packet on the first day of bleeding, take 21 pills and stop for a 7 day break
Restart new packet on the 8th day

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15
Q

What should you do if you are late with, or missed a pill in the first 7 days of the COCP cycle?

A

Use condoms

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16
Q

What should you do if you missed pills in the last 7 days of the COCP cycle?

A

Don’t have days off, just continue on to the next packet

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17
Q

What is the combined vaginal contraceptive?

A

Ring that goes in the vagina

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18
Q

How does the combined vaginal contraceptive work?

A

Same as the pill, just in the vagina

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19
Q

What is the advantage/disadvantage of the combined vaginal ring?

A

You don’t have to take it every day

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20
Q

What are the two different progestogen only methods?

A

Default and user dependent methods

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21
Q

What are the two types of default progestogen only method?

A

Implants and hormone releasing IUCD

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22
Q

What are the two types of implant?

Study These Flashcards
A

Nexplanon and Norplant

23
Q

What is an example of a hormone releasing IUCD?

24
Q

What are the two types of user dependant progestogen only methods?

Study These Flashcards
A

POPs (progestogen only pills) and injectables

25
What is an example of an injectable progestogen only method?
Depo provera
26
How often do you have to get the injectable progestogen only method?
Every 12 weeks
27
What is an example of a progesterone only pill?
Desogestrel (cerelle)
28
What are the pros/cons to the progesterone only pill?
As effective as COCP, with predictable bleeding, less side effects and a 12 hour window to take it
29
What are the two types of IUCD?
Copper or hormone bearing
30
What does IUCD stand for?
Intrauterine contraceptive devices
31
How does the copper bearing IUCD work?
Destroys sperm and prevents implantation by causing prostaglandin secretion
32
How long do copper bearing IUCDs last?
5 years (ish...)
33
What are the benefits of the IUCD?
``` Non-user dependent Immediately and retrospectively effective Immediately reversible Can be used long term Reliable and unrelated to sex ```
34
What are the disadvantages of the IUCD?
``` Has to be fitted by a trained medical professional Fitting may be painful or uncomfortable Periods may be heavier or more painful No infection protection Threads may be felt by the male ```
35
What are the risks of the IUCD?
Miscarriage if left in and pregnancy occurs May be expelled Uterus may be perforated
36
What would be a reason that you can't get an IUCD?
Current pelvic inflammatory disease Suspected or known pregnancy Unexplained vaginal bleeding Abnormalities of the uterine cavity
37
What are the advantages of condoms?
Man in control (......) Protects against STIs No serious health risks Easily available
38
What are the disadvantages of condoms?
``` Last minute use Needs to be taught May cause allergies or psychosexual difficulties Oily lube messes with the rubber Higher failure rate ```
39
What are diaphragm caps?
Latex, fit across vagina
40
What are the advantages of the diaphragm cap?
Women in control Can be put in in advance Offers protection against cervical dysplasias Perceived as 'natural'
41
What are the advantages of suction caps?
Suitable for women with poor pelvic muscles No problems with rubber allergies Very unobtrusive Women in control
42
What are the disadvantages of the diaphragm cap?
Needs to be taught, Messy High failure rate High risk of UTIs, candiasis and thrush
43
What do people use to do natural family planning?
``` Temperature Rhythm (cycle) Cervix position Cervical mucus Persona (LH in urine) Lactational amenorrhoea ```
44
What is lactational amenorrhoea?
If you fully breastfeed for 6 months after giving birth, the risk of conception is quite low
45
What are the advantages of using natural family planning?
Non-medical Can be used in 3rd world countries Allowed by Catholic Churches Can result in closeness of understanding between partners
46
What are the disadvantages of natural family planning?
Failure rate is very user dependant Requires skilled teaching Requires cooperation between partners May involve limiting sexual activity
47
What are the two types of emergency contraception?
Pills and copper IUCDs
48
How long after unprotected sex do pills work?
Up to 72 hours
49
What are the two types of emergency contraceptive pill?
Levonelle and EllaOne
50
What does levonelle contain?
2 tablets with 750 micrograms of levonorgestrel each
51
What does EllaOne contain?
Selective progestogen
52
How do emergency contraceptive pills work?
Postponing ovulation or preventing implantation
53
How long after unprotected sex are copper IUCDs affective?
5 days after

Physiology 2 (38 decks)

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