core drugs Flashcards

1
Q

L- DOPA

A

precursor to dopamine. converted by dopa decarboxylase

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2
Q

amphetamine

A

reverses monoamine transporters so they pump out monoamines and prevent reuptake (dopamine and noradrenaline - kind of like md)

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3
Q

cocaine and Ritalin (methyphenidate)

A

block dopamine reuptake

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4
Q

selegiline

A

monoamine oxidase inhibitor in synaptic terminals.
- keeps dopamine in synapse for longer

  • parkinsons, depression, dementia
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5
Q

entacapone

A

COMT inhibitor

(COMT inactivates monoamines)

PD

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6
Q

fluoxetine

A

Prozac - SSRI

ocd, depression

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7
Q

neostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor

- blocks ACh breakdown x

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8
Q

alcohol

A

NMDA antagonist

  • hence mems gone
  • hence agitation withdrawal
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9
Q

benzos

A

indirect agonist of GABAa

  • as it increases the receptor affinity for GABA
  • increase channel opening frequency

diazepam

  • sedative
  • anxiolytic
  • anticonvulsant
  • muscle relaxant
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10
Q

scopolamine

A

muscarinic receptor antagonist

  • antiemetic
  • stops theta waves
  • prohibits spatial learning
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11
Q

physostigmine

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

  • enhance acetylcholine
  • better theta waves
  • improves memory

for alzheimers

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12
Q

vapourisable anaesthetics

A

isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane

physical:

  • cost
  • stability
  • vapourability
  • explosivity/ flammability

chemical:

  • non irritant
  • high potency
  • minimal side effects
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13
Q

anaesthetics IV

A

depolarising:

  • competitive with ACh
  • slower onset/offset
  • steroid
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14
Q

typical antipsychotics

A

D2 receptor antagonist

  • prevent +ve symptoms
  • extrapyramidal side effects (Parkinson like)
  • no effect on neurocognitive decline

upregulation of D2 receptors means you need to keep increasing dose

Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol: more potent than Chlorpromazine

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15
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A

clozapine, Risperidone

  • D4 receptor antagonist
  • also effects on 5HT
  • beneficial but with less extrapyramidal side effects
  • some improvement to neurocognitive decline in schizophrenia

decrease DA in NAcc
increase DA in PFC
opposite of PCP

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16
Q

PCP

A

NMDA receptor antagonist
- replicates symptoms of schizophrenia

increase DA in NAcc
decrease DA in PFC
as in schizophrenia

17
Q

lithium

A

mood stabiliser

bipolar and mania

18
Q

analgesics

A

ibuprofen - NSAID

paracetamol

morphine - opiate receptor agonist - mu

19
Q

anti migraine drug

A

pizotifen

inhibit serotonin and histamine

20
Q

antiepeleptics

A
  • carbamazepine
    > GABA agonist
  • sodium valproate
    > GABA, block Na channels
  • phenobarbitone (barbiturate)
    > GABA receptor indirect agonist, glutamate antagonist
    > works by opening channels for longer
  • phenytoin
21
Q

Amitriptyline

A

tricyclic antidepressant

- agonist of 5HT, histamine and NA reuptake transporters

22
Q

baclofen

A

muscle relaxant in huntingtona

GABAb agonist

23
Q

parkinsons drugs

A

ropinirole
- dopamine receptor agonist

levodopa
- LDOPA > dopamine via DOPA decarboxylase

selegiline
- MAO inhibitor

entacapone

  • inhibit COMT
  • COMT inactivates monoamines
24
Q

dementia drug

A

donepezil

- ACh esterase inhibitor

25
Q

aspirin

A

NSAID
Act by inhibiting Cyclooxygenase 1and 2

Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anti inflammatory

Side Effects  :
Gastric Irritation
Bronchospasm
Renal Impairment
Platelet function 
Oxidative phosphorylation 
Air Hunger 
Reyes Syndrome
26
Q

ketamine

A
  • anaesthetic and analgesic
  • NMDA Receptors
    Not GABA
    Analgesic local/general
    Anaesthetic
    Sedative
    SIDE EFFECTS emergence phenomena
27
Q

naloxone

A

blocks effects of opiates

- antagonist of opioid receptor

28
Q

suxamethonium

A

nictonicic receptor antagonist on NMJ

- complete paralysis - surgery