T1L23 anaesthetic drugs Flashcards
1
Q
what is anaethesia
A
a reversible drug induced absence of sensation and awareness
any lipid soluble agent that causes depression of the brain in this order:
cortex>midbrain>spinal chord>medulla
2
Q
ethanol
A
tranquillization Excitation Dysarthria Ataxia Sedation/hypnosis Anaesthesia Coma Medullary depression Death
3
Q
how do anaesthetics work
A
stimulation of inhibitory receptors:
- GABAa
- Glycine
inhibition of excitatory receptors:
- nicotinic
- serotonin
- glutamate/NMDA
4
Q
inhalator anaesthetics
A
- oxygen
- nitrous oxide
- ideal properties
- isoflurane
5
Q
oxygen
A
- distilling air
- generally good good good
6
Q
nitrous oxide
A
im the expert on this already lol
- odourless gas in blue cylinder
- poor anaesthetic, good analgesic
- quick onset/offset
- cardio respiratory depressant
7
Q
important properties of inhalational agents
A
physical:
- cost
- explosivity/ flammability
- vaporizable
- environmentally stable
- chemical stability
chemical:
- non irritant
- low blood:gas solubility
- high potency
- minimal side effects
- non toxic
8
Q
isoflurane
A
- cheap
- halogenated ether
- stable and non flammable
- irritable to airway
- fairly potent (MAC 1.1%)
- CVS/RS side effects
9
Q
MAC
A
minimal alveolar concentration in lungs to prevent movement in 50% patients
10
Q
sevoflurane
A
- non irritable
- quick onset/offset
- MAC 2%
- expensive
- CVS stability
11
Q
desflurane
A
- very quick onset/offset
- quite expensive
- irritant
- MAC 6.35%
- needs a special vapourizer
12
Q
intravenous agents properites
A
- rapid and pleasant
- lipid soluble
- metabolised
- short acting
- CVS/RS depression
13
Q
thiopentone
A
- powder that smells of garlic
- antiepileptic
- 10 hour half life
- CVS/RS depression
- antiepileptic
14
Q
propofol
A
- solvent
- minimal accumulation
- anti emetic (vomiting)
- anti epileptic
- painful to inject
- abnormal movements
- RS/CVS effects
elimination half life 4 hours
distribution half life 4 minutes
15
Q
others anaesthetics
A
- ketamine
- etomidate
- midazolam
