Crime - Globalisation

Question 1

What is globalisation?

Answer 1

The increasingly interconnected world in which we now live

Question 2

What are the three factors contributing to globalisation and crime?

Answer 2

• Technology
• Travel
• Deregulation

Question 3

How has technology affected the illegal drugs trade?

Answer 3

It has facilitated the illegal drugs trade through instant communication technologies

Question 4

What is an example of a global crime network in the illegal drugs trade?

Answer 4

Drug cartels in Colombia producing and supplying cocaine for drug dealers in the UK

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Globalisation has led to a _______ culture.

Answer 5

[global]

Question 6

True or False: Globalisation has made it more difficult to travel, trade, and communicate with other countries.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What role does the internet play in the illegal drugs trade?

Answer 7

It allows criminal groups to connect with others thousands of miles away instantly and nearly for free

Question 8

What types of new opportunities have emerged due to globalisation?

Answer 8

Opportunities to commit crimes across international borders and new types of crime

Question 9

What do traditional Marxists argue about supply and demand?

Answer 9

It is based on exploitation and inequality.

Question 10

Approximately what percentage of people in Colombia depend on cocaine production for survival?

Answer 10

20%

Question 11

What cultural effect does capitalist society create among working-class people?

Answer 11

A ‘culture of envy’ towards consumer goods.

Question 12

Why do people in poorer countries produce illegal drugs?

Answer 12

To achieve their ‘false needs’ for consumer goods.

Question 13

What has made the illegal drugs trade highly profitable?

Answer 13

Supply and demand in a globalised world.

Question 14

Which countries are major suppliers of illegal drugs like cocaine and heroin?

Answer 14

Colombia and Afghanistan.

Question 15

What do poverty-stricken farmers in Colombia and Afghanistan gain the highest income from?

Answer 15

Growing coca for cocaine and opium poppies for heroin.

Question 16

What has led to a rise in cybercrimes?

Answer 16

The development of the internet.

Question 17

Name two types of cybercrime mentioned in the text.

Answer 17

• Identity theft
• Fraud against computers

Question 18

What were some examples of online scams during the coronavirus pandemic?

Answer 18

• Bogus websites selling PPE
• Fake Netflix accounts

Question 19

What happened during the Twitter hack in July 2020?

Answer 19

Hackers targeted celebrity accounts to tweet a Bitcoin scam.

Question 20

How much money did the Twitter hackers make from their scam?

Answer 20

Over £80,000.

Question 21

What method did the hackers use to gain access to Twitter’s internal systems?

Answer 21

Spear-phishing attack.

Question 22

What complicates the prosecution of cybercrimes?

Answer 22

They are difficult to trace and often take place in private.

Question 23

What is the term for crimes that are not recorded in official statistics?

Answer 23

The dark figure.

Question 24

What does human trafficking refer to?

Answer 24

The buying and selling of people for exploitation.

Question 25

What facilitates human trafficking across countries?

Answer 25

Fast international travel and low-cost airlines.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: Human trafficking victims are often used as _______.

Answer 26

[domestic slaves, sex workers, forced labour]

Question 27

What is an example of trafficking mentioned in the text?

Answer 27

The trafficking of young women in Eastern European countries to work as sex and domestic slaves in the UK ## Footnote This highlights the exploitation of vulnerable populations seeking better opportunities.

Question 28

What do organized criminal gangs promise to girls in Eastern Europe?

Answer 28

Jobs in the UK, such as office work ## Footnote This is a deceptive tactic to lure them into trafficking.

Question 29

What happens to the girls upon arrival in the UK?

Answer 29

Their passports are taken, and they are forced to work as sex and domestic slaves ## Footnote This illustrates the coercive nature of trafficking.

Question 30

According to Marxist Feminists, what are the root causes of women's trafficking?

Answer 30

Capitalism and patriarchy ## Footnote They argue that these systems create an environment for exploitation.

Question 31

How does capitalism contribute to the trafficking of women?

Answer 31

It breeds greed and self-interest, allowing male criminals to profit ## Footnote This profit is often gained through the exploitation of women.

Question 32

What role does patriarchy play in the trafficking of women?

Answer 32

Men exert their power and dominance through buying and selling women ## Footnote This reflects the systemic inequalities that facilitate trafficking.

Question 33

Why is the extent of human trafficking difficult to measure?

Answer 33

Due to its secretive nature and victims being scared to speak out or facing language barriers ## Footnote This contributes to the 'dark figure' of crime.

Question 34

What is meant by the 'dark figure' in the context of human trafficking?

Answer 34

Crimes not recorded in official statistics ## Footnote This indicates the underreporting of trafficking incidents.

Question 35

What has globalization led to in terms of financial crimes?

Answer 35

Greater opportunities for financial crimes such as tax avoidance and money laundering ## Footnote This is due to increased interconnectedness of markets.

Question 36

What facilitates money laundering according to the text?

Answer 36

Deregulation of financial markets, banking secrecy, and the internet ## Footnote These factors create an environment conducive to hiding illicit activities.

Question 37

What is money laundering?

Answer 37

The process of making money earned from crime 'clean' ## Footnote This involves a complex chain of transactions to obscure the money's origins.

Question 38

Why is it difficult to detect money laundering cases?

Answer 38

It involves complex transactions across computers, bank accounts, and individuals worldwide ## Footnote This complexity makes tracking the source of money challenging.

Question 39

What do postmodernists argue about financial crimes?

Answer 39

They are linked to individualism, where individuals choose to commit crimes for personal benefit ## Footnote This perspective emphasizes personal gain over societal consequences.

Question 40

What ideology do postmodernists associate with financial crimes?

Answer 40

Global consumer ideology ## Footnote This ideology promotes the idea that everyone desires consumer goods, often at the expense of ethical considerations.

Question 41

What does deregulation of financial markets imply?

Answer 41

Less regulation and fewer state controls over businesses

Question 42

Why do corporations move production to developing countries?

Answer 42

To make more profit by taking advantage of fewer regulations

Question 43

What has globalization led to in terms of corporate crimes?

Answer 43

Increased corporate crimes in developing countries with low production costs

Question 44

What are some examples of weak regulations in developing countries?

Answer 44

* No minimum wage * No strict health and safety rules * Weak environmental regulations

Question 45

How do factories in Indonesia contribute to environmental pollution?

Answer 45

By dumping toxic chemicals into the river to avoid paying fees

Question 46

What health problems have arisen for people living along polluted rivers?

Answer 46

* Untreatable skin conditions * Brain damage in children due to mercury exposure

Question 47

Why do companies get away with environmental violations?

Answer 47

Because environmental pollution regulations are weak and rarely enforced

Question 48

What do Marxists argue drives corporate crimes?

Answer 48

Criminogenic capitalism, which prioritizes profit over human cost

Question 49

How do clothing companies exploit environmental regulations?

Answer 49

By deliberately ignoring them to increase profits

Question 50

What is often prioritized over environmental protection in developing countries?

Answer 50

Economic growth through production and consumption

Question 51

What role does corruption play in corporate operations in developing countries?

Answer 51

Corporations often bribe police and government officials

Question 52

Fill in the blank: The fashion industry produces clothes cheaply in _____ countries.

Answer 52

[developing]

Question 53

True or False: Environmental regulations in developing countries are strictly enforced.

Answer 53

False

Question 54

List some companies mentioned that operate in developing countries.

Answer 54

* Gap * Primark * H&M