Crime - Post-modernist View Flashcards
(29 cards)
What do postmodernists argue characterizes post-modern society?
Choice, diversity, and individualism
What do postmodernists claim about traditional theories like Functionalism and Marxism?
They are meta-narratives and no longer relevant in post-modern society
According to postmodernists, what reflects individual experiences and choices in relation to crime?
There is no single explanation of crime
What do postmodernists suggest we replace the concept of ‘crime’ with?
‘Social harm’
Why do postmodernists argue that ‘crime’ is a socially constructed concept?
What constitutes a crime changes over time and between different cultures
What is a major problem with defining ‘social harm’ according to postmodernists?
It cannot be operationalised into a working definition
What does Edgework refer to in the context of postmodernist theory?
Committing crimes that are on the edge of danger and safety
Who argues that young men are more likely to engage in edgework?
Lyng
What is an example of edgework mentioned in the text?
Illegal lockdown raves
What motivates young men to engage in edgework activities like illegal raves?
The ‘buzz’ and excitement
In high finance, what type of crimes might young male employees engage in as a form of edgework?
White-collar crimes such as insider trading and embezzlement
What social factor do critics argue is ignored when criminality is seen as a ‘chosen identity’?
The link between specific social groups and crimes
True or False: Postmodernists believe that not everyone enjoys being criminal.
True
Fill in the blank: The concept of ‘crime’ is argued to be ______ by postmodernists.
socially constructed
What does globalisation refer to?
The process by which the world is becoming more interconnected, increasing opportunities for trade and the exchange of ideas.
What has significantly accelerated the speed of globalisation?
The rapid increase in technology and the increased movement of people.
What new types of crimes have developed due to globalisation?
Cybercrime, including internet fraud and phishing attempts.
What are examples of online scams during the coronavirus pandemic?
- Bogus websites selling PPE
- Fake Netflix accounts that steal bank details
What incident occurred in July 2020 involving a Twitter hack?
Three young men hacked celebrity accounts to tweet a Bitcoin scam, making over £80,000.
How did the hackers gain access to Twitter accounts in the 2020 hack?
By targeting Twitter employees through a spear-phishing attack.
What is a spear-phishing attack?
A method where hackers use friendly persuasion and trickery to get employees to hand over sensitive information.
Why do many new types of crime like cybercrime have low prosecution rates?
They are difficult to trace as they occur in private on computers.
What is the ‘dark figure’ in crime statistics?
Crimes that are not recorded in official crime statistics.
What does Foucault argue about crime control and prevention?
The nature of crime control has shifted from sovereign power to disciplinary power.
