CS200-Endocrine System Flashcards
Hormones released by the Hypothalamus (7)
CRH- Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (adrenocorticotropin) TRH- Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone GHRH- Growhth Hormone Releasing Hormone GHIH-Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone GnRH- Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone PRH-Prolactin Releasing Hormone PIH- Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone
Posterior Pituitary- trigger and hormonal release ‘gOAtflap’
Nerve impulses from hypothalamus
ADH- Antidiuretic Hormone
Oxytocin
ADH
Antidiuretic Hormone, released by the posterior pituitary.
Targets kidneys to reabsorb water into blood volume
Can counteract blood loss up to 25%
Increased release associated with dehydration or hemorrhage
decreased release after alcohol or rise in blood volume
Diabetes Insipidus presentation
inadequate ADH secretion relative to blood volume, resulting in way too much urine
Oxytocin
Released by the posterior pituitary
targets the uterus, stimulating contractions
targets breasts, stimulating lactation
targets kidneys
Anterior Pituitary- trigger and hormonal release ‘goatflap’
responds to hypothalamic hormones GH- Growth Hormone TSH- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone FSH- Follicle Stimulating Hormone LH- Leuteinizing Hormone Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Prolactin
GH
Growth Hormone- Targets all cells, stimulating body growth and switch to fat as energy source
Released by the anterior pituitary
TSH
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
- Released by the anterior Pituitary
- Targets thyroid to stimulate the release of thyroid hormones
FSH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- Released by the anterior Pituitary
- Targets gonads, stimulates development of sex cells
LH
Leuteinizing Hormone
- Released by the anterior Pituitary
- Targets gonads, stimulating hormone release (estrogen, progesterone, or testosterone)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Released by the anterior Pituitary
- Targets adrenal cortexes
- Stimulates release of corticosteroidal hormones cortisol and aldosterone
Prolactin
Released by the anterior Pituitary
-Targets mammary glands, stimulating lactation
Thyroid- brief description and hormonal release
Located in Neck
- Comprises tiny sacs called follicles, filled with colloid, which produces T3 and T4
- Calcitonin
- Thyroxine (T4)
- Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
Released by the Thyroid Gland
- Targets all cells
- Stimulates bone to take up Ca, decreasing blood Ca
T3 and T4
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
-target all cells to stimulate cell metabolism
Parathyroid- brief description, Hormonal release, and effect of absence
Usually 4 or more located on the thyroid
- Releases PTH- Parathyroid Hormone
- Loss of function results in Hypocalcenia
PTH
Parathyroid Hormone
- Targets bone, intestines, and kidneys
- Stimulates Ca release from bone, Ca uptake from digestive tract, and Ca reabsorption from the kidneys, all raising Ca
Thymus
Primarily active during childhood
-Releases Thymosin
Thymosin
Targets T lymphocytes, stimulating their reproduction and functional development
Exocrine function of the Pancreas
Exocrine tissue (acini) takes up 98% of it's mass -secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine
Types of Endocrine cells in the pancreas
1-2 million clusters of endocrine tissue, islets of langerhans, take up the 2%
-Alpha cells, Beta cells, and Delta cells
Alpha cells
endocrine cells in the pancreas
- take up 25% of islets of langerhans
- Release glucagon, targets liver to prefomr glycogenolysis, break down glucagon to glucose, and glucogenesis, breakdown of proteins and fats for conversion to glucose
Beta Cells
endocrine cells in the pancreas
- take up 60% of islets of langerhans
- Release Insulin, lowers blood glucose via uptake
- Loss of function results in diabetes
Delta cells
endocrine cells in the pancreas
- take up 10% of islets of langerhans
- Release Somatostatin, acts within islets to inhibit glucagon and insulin secretion
