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CS200 > CS200- Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

CS200- Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the total bone mass is replaced each year?

A

20%

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2
Q

Haversian Canals

A

Small perforations of the long bones through which blood vessels and nerves travel into the bone

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3
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone forming cells found in the bone matrix that helps maintain the bone

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4
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Lay down new bone during growth and bone repair

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5
Q

Osteoclasts

A

dissolve bone structures not carrying pressure when the body requires more salts

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6
Q

perforating canals

A

Structures through which blood vessels enter and exit the bone shaft

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7
Q

ischemic

A

restriction of blood supply to a tissue

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8
Q

Diaphysis

A

Hollow, central shaft of the long bone. As a hollow cylinder, it is light and strong

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9
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of a long bone, filled with cancellous bone on the inside, and includes the articular surface, which is the surface which meets and articulates with another bone

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10
Q

Metaphysis

A

Intermediate region between epiphysis and diaphysis.

-Contains the epiphyseal plate, the growth zone of a bone, active during youth

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11
Q

Medullary Canal

A

Cavity within a bone that contains the marrow.

  • The central canal is filled with yellow bone marrow,
  • cancellous bone chambers contain red bone marrow
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12
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Produced in the medullary canal of the diaphysis, stores fat in a semiliquid form, readily available as a quick and easy energy source

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13
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Fills cancellous bone chambers

-responsible for the manufacture of erythrocytes and other blood cells

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14
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough exterior covering of a bone, innervated by nerves and vasculature

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15
Q

Cartilage

A

connective tissue functioning as the actual surface of articulation between bones

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16
Q

sesamoid bone

A

bone that forms within tendons, such as the patella (kneecap)

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17
Q

Three types of joints

A

Synarthroses (immovable)

  • Amphiarthroses- Joints allowing limited movement (vertebrae)
  • Diarthroses/synovial joints- relatively free movement (elbow, shoulder)
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18
Q

Three categories of Diarthroses (synovial joints)

A

Monaxial- One axis of movement: Hinge (elbow) or pivot (atlas/axis) joints

  • Biaxial- two directions- carpals, thumbs, wrist
  • Triaxial- Ball and socket. Full motion and rotation (hip, shoulder)
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19
Q

adduction

A

movement of a body part toward the midline

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20
Q

abduction

A

movement of a body part away from the midline

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21
Q

circumduction

A

movement through the arc of a circle, where the distal end of a bone moves in circle but the bone does not rotate

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22
Q

Ligament

A

Bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone and hold joints together

23
Q

Joint Capsule (synovial capsule)

A

A small chamber formed by the ligaments surrounding a joint

  • Contains synovial fluid, reducing friction
  • Contains bursae filled with synovial fluid which cushion adjacent structures
24
Q

bones in the human skeleton

A

206

25
Q

of tarsial, metatarsials, and phalanges in the foot

A

7, 5, and 14

26
Q

fasciculus

A

small bundle of muscle fibres, a group of which forms a muscle body, such as the triceps

27
Q

origin

A

attachment of a muscle to a bone that does not move (or experiences the least movement) when the muscle contracts. The muscle attachment to the stationary bone.

28
Q

Insertion

A

The muscle attachment to the moving bone

29
Q

Tone

A

state of slight contraction of muscles that gives them firmness and keeps them ready to contract

30
Q

MCP

A

Metacarpophalangeal Joint- Where the metacarpals articulate with the proximal phalanges (knuckles)
As well as flexion and extension, allow abduction (spreading fingers) and adduction (bringing them together)

31
Q

DIP

A

Distal Interphalangeal Joint- where the middle phalanges articulate with the distal phalanges

32
Q

PIP

A

Proximal Interphalangeal Joint- where the middle and proximal phalanges articulate

33
Q

Major flexor muscles of the hand

A

flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

34
Q

Major extensor muscles of the hand

A

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris

35
Q

4 pieces of the elbow joint

A

Lateral and Medial epicondyles (large rounded edges) of the distal humerus, the olecranon process of the proximal ulna, and the proximal radius

36
Q

AC joint

A

acromioclavicular joint- where the distal clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula (shoulder)

37
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A

The only bony link between the upper extremity and the axial skeleton. Movement here is passive, occuring as a result of active movements of the scapula.

38
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

ball and socket joint in the shoulder, with more mobility than any other joint in the body, making it the most frequent site of dislocation.
Ball- head of humerus
Socket- Glenoid cavity of the scapula

39
Q

Greater and lesser tubercles

A

two rounded protrusions in the proximal humerus, through which the biceps tendon runs. easily palpable

40
Q

Rotator cuff

A

Encapsulate the glenohumeral joint (along with the deltoid muscle)
Muscles- supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

41
Q

Describe the ankle joint

A 
The distal tibia and fibia (medial and lateral malleolus) articuate with the talus. Ligaments stratching from each malleolus to the foot itself hold the ankle joint together, and the achilles tendon, which inserts into the calcaneous (heel) helps maintain integrity.
Major dorsiflexor (raising foot) is the tibialis anterior, major plantar flexor (lowering) is the gastrocnemius (calf muscle)
42
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Calf muscle

43
Q

Calcaneous

A

Heel

44
Q

Bones involved in the knee joint

A

Patella, distal femur, proximal tibia

45
Q

Major flexors of the knee (hamstrings)

A

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendonitus

46
Q

Major extensors of the knee (quadraceps)

A

Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, rectus femoris

47
Q

inominates

A

the two symmetrical structures making up the pelvis, joined to the sacrum.
Each one constructed of the ilium (large flat bone), and the ischium and pubis, all fused.

48
Q

The hip joint

A

The head of the proximal femur (ball) and the acetabulum of the ischium (socket)
Though it’s ball and socket, movement is restructed due to many large ligaments

49
Q

iliopspas muscle group

A

Allows for hip flexion

50
Q

Bursae cushioning the hip joint

A

iliopectineal bursa, trochanteric bursa, and ischiogluteal bursa

51
Q

of muscle groups in the system

A

> 600

52
Q

% of total body weight made up by skeletal muscle

A

40-50

53
Q

Strength of a muscle body

A

9 kg / cm^2

54
Q

Tendons

A

connective tissue, attach muscle to bone at the insertion (and sometimes the origin)

CS200 (9 decks)

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