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CS200 > CS200- Other things > Flashcards

CS200- Other things Flashcards

1
Q

Chronotropic

A

Factors effecting the heart rate

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2
Q

Inotropic

A

Factors affecting cardiac force

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3
Q

Maximum capacity for glucose retention

A

10mmol/L, or 180mg/dL

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4
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Too few platelets. (healthy range 150,000 - 450,000)

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5
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Too many platelets (normal range 150,000 - 450,000)

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6
Q

Extrinsic pathway to the coagulation cascade

A

Cascade initiated by damage to blood vessels

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7
Q

Intrinsic pathway to the coagulation cascade

A

Cascade initiated by trauma to blood from turbulence within the vessel

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8
Q

Production site of most clotting proteins (examples)

A

Liver

prothrombin, fibrinogen

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9
Q

Summarize the coagulation cascade

A
  1. Intrinsic pathway or extrinsic pathway lead to platelet aggregation and formation of prothrombin activator
  2. Common pathway- The prothrombin activator, in the presence of Ca, converts prothrombin to thrombin
  3. Thrombin- In the presence of Ca, thrombin converts fibrinogen to stable fibrin, which then traps blood cells and more platelets to form a clot
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10
Q

Common Pathway

A

The prothrombin activator, in the presence of Ca, converts prothrombin to thrombin

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11
Q

Function of Thrombin

A

In the presence of Ca, thrombin converts fibrinogen to stable fibrin, which then traps blood cells and more platelets to form a clot

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12
Q

plasminogen

A

Released once a fibrin clot is formed.

-Converted to plasmin, and lyses the clot through fibrinolysis

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13
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

The dismantling of a clot by plasmin. Generally takes hours to days.

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14
Q

Thrombosis

A

Clot formation, via the coagulation cascade. May lead to heart attack or stroke

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15
Q

Medications that decrease a platelet’s ability to aggregate

A

Aspirin, dipyridamole (Persantine), ticlopidine (Ticlid)

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16
Q

Medications that prevent clot formation via changes within the coagulation cascade

A

Heparin- Rapidly inactivates thrombin

Warfarin-blocks vitamin K activity necessary to generate activated clotting factors

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17
Q

Factors that enhance clotting

A

Vitamin K, tobacco smoking (especially pregnant females), immobility, trauma, polycythemia (high RBC count) and cancer

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18
Q

functions of the thalamus

A

Switching center between the pons and the cerebrum, and is critical element in the RAS

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19
Q

Area for speech

A

Temporal lobe of cerebrum

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20
Q

Area for vision

A

occipital cortex of cerebrum

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21
Q

Area for Personality and Motor

A

Frontal lobes of cerebrum

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22
Q

Area for balance, coordination

A

Cerebellum

23
Q

Area for sensory

A

Parietal lobe of cerebrum

24
Q

Bile pathway

A

Made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, deposited through the bile duct into the duodenum

25
Q

average glomerular filtration rate

A

180L/day, enough for 60 full plasma passages

26
Q

Cervical Nerve plexus

Origin, Nerve, Control, and result of injury

A

C-1-5
Phrenic Nerve
Diaphragm control
Respiratory paralysis

27
Q

Lumbar Nerve plexus

Origin, Nerve, Control, and result of injury

A

T-12-L-4
Femoral Nerve- Lower abdomen, thighs; inability to extend leg/flex hip
Obturator nerve- abductor muscles, medial thigh; decrease in usage

28
Q

Sacral Nerve plexus

Origin, Nerve, Control, and result of injury

A

L-4-S-3

Sciatic Nerve- Lower extremety; decreased usage

29
Q

Brachial Nerve plexus

Origin, Nerves, control

A 
C-5-C-8, T-1
Axillary- deltoid/shoulder skin
Radial- Triceps/forearm
Median- flexor muscles, forearm, arm
Musculocutaneous- flexor muscles of arm
Ulnar- wrist/hand
30
Q

Polycythemia

A

Unusually high hematocrit level

31
Q

Emphysema

A

A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness

32
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

An increase in the number of red blood cells (absolute number, as opposed to Polycythemia whic is % of blood).
Also called erythrocythemia

33
Q

Vasoocclusive crisis

A

A common complication from sickle cell anemia (A condition common among people of African origin). It occurs when the circulation of blood vessels is obstructed by sickled red blood cells, causing ischemic injuries. The most common complaint is of pain, and recurrent episodes may cause irreversible organ damage

34
Q

syncope

A

Loss of conciousness (‘syncopal episode’)

35
Q

dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

36
Q

Hemophilia

A

the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, often due to lack of factor VIII

37
Q

Lymphoma

A

Cancer of the lymph nodes

38
Q

myeloma

A

A malignant tumor of the bone marrow

39
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency of platelets in the blood

40
Q

Von Willebrand’s Disease

A

the most common hereditary coagulation abnormality in humans. It arises from a deficiency of von Willebrand factor (vWF), which is required for platelet adhesion.

41
Q

hypoxia vs hypoxemia

A

Hypoxia- Not enough oxygen reaching a tissue

Hypoxemia- Abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood

42
Q

The two types of sympathetic receptors

A

Adrenergic (alpha 1, 2, beta 1, 2) and dopaminergic

43
Q

stimulation of alpha 1 receptors

A

peripheral vasoconstriction, stimulation of metabolism

44
Q

Stimulation of alpha 2 receptors

A

inhibit release of norepinephrine when adequate level is achieved

45
Q

Stimulation of beta 1 receptors

A

increase HR, Cardiac force, automaticity, and conduction

46
Q

Stimulation of beta 2 receptors

A

vasodilation and bronchodilation

47
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

The important descending tract, responsible for voluntary and fine muscle movement on the ipsilateral side of the body

48
Q

% of body weight that is water

A

60%

49
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in number of cells

50
Q

Metaplasia

A

Cell type conversion, a cell doing the job of another cell type

51
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Too few cells

52
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in cell size

53
Q

Fistula

A

abnormal connection between two epithelium lined organs that do not normally connect

CS200 (9 decks)

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