CS401A's Prelims: Ethics Module 02

Question 1

provide frameworks for understanding what is right and wrong.

Answer 1

Moral theories

Question 2

The guide our decisions and help us navigate complex ethical dilemmas.

Answer 2

Moral theories

Question 3

is the idea that the rightness or wrongness of actions depends on their outcomes or consequences.

Answer 3

Consequentialism

Question 4

says that the right action is the one that brings the most happiness or benefit to most people.

Answer 4

Utilitarianism

Question 5

This looks at each individual action and its outcomes.

Answer 5

Act Consequentialism

Question 6

Each action is judged by how much happiness it creates.

Answer 6

Act Consequentialism

Question 7

This looks at whether following certain rules when generally applied, leads to the best outcomes in the long run.

Answer 7

Rule Consequentialism

Question 8

Founder of utilitarianism,

Answer 8

Jeremy Bentham

Question 9

said that actions are right if they bring happiness and wrong if they cause pain.

Answer 9

Jeremy Bentham

Question 10

A follower of Bentham,

Answer 10

John Stuart Mill

Question 11

who said that some pleasures (like intellectual ones) are more valuable than others (like physical ones).

Answer 11

John Stuart Mill

Question 12

is the idea that some actions are right or wrong in themselves, no matter what the outcomes are.

Answer 12

Deontology

Question 13

It focuses on duties and rules we must follow.

Answer 13

Deontology

Question 14

Deontologists believe we have moral duties (like telling the truth) that must be followed, regardless of the results.

Answer 14

Duty-Based Ethics

Question 15

This is a rule from philosopher Immanuel Kant that says you should act only in ways that you believe everyone should act.

Answer 15

Categorical Imperative

Question 16

Int other words, if you think it’s okay to do something, then everyone should be able to do it, too.

Answer 16

Categorical Imperative

Question 17

Emphasized the importance of developing good character traits to achieve eudaimonia (human flourishing).

Answer 17

Aristotle

Question 18

Emphasized the importance of developing good character traits to achieve eudaimonia (human flourishing).

Answer 18

Aristotle

Question 19

The most influential deontologist,

Answer 19

Immanuel Kant

Question 20

believed in the importance of reason and moral law.

Answer 20

Immanuel Kant

Question 21

He argued that rational principles must guide moral actions and that individuals should always treat others as ends in themselves, not merely as means to an end.

Answer 21

Immanuel Kant

Question 22

focuses on the character of the moral agent rather than on rules or consequences.

Answer 22

Virtue ethics

Question 23

It emphasizes the importance of developing good character traits, or virtues, which enable individuals to live ethically.

Answer 23

Virtue ethics

Question 24

argues that ethical behavior comes from being a good person rather than following rules or evaluating consequences.

Answer 24

Character Over Action

Question 25

a key figure in virtue ethics,

Answer 25

Aristotle

Question 26

proposed the concept of the "golden mean,"

Answer 26

Aristotle

Question 27

which suggests that virtue lies between two extremes (excess and deficiency).

Answer 27

The Golden Mean

Question 28

Often regarded as the father of virtue ethics,

Answer 28

Aristotle

Question 29

emphasized the importance of developing good character traits to achieve eudaimonia (human flourishing).

Answer 29

Aristotle

Question 30

is is a fundamental concept in ethics and moral philosophy.

Answer 30

Justice

Question 31

is essential to maintain social order and ensure that individuals have their rights recognized and protected.

Answer 31

Justice

Question 32

It promotes accountability, discourages wrongdoing, and promotes trust among members of society.

Answer 32

Justice

Question 33

It focuses on the fair distribution of resources and benefits within society.

Answer 33

distributive justice

Question 34

It focuses on the fair distribution of resources and benefits within society.

Answer 34

distributive justice

Question 35

It deals with punishment for wrongdoing.

Answer 35

retributive justice

Question 36

It emphasizes the idea that individuals who commit crimes should face consequences appropriate to their actions.

Answer 36

retributive justice

Question 37

focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior.

Answer 37

restorative justice

Question 38

emphasizes the need for equality and fair treatment for all individuals, particularly marginalized groups.

Answer 38

Social Justice

Question 39

are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death.

Answer 39

Human rights

Question 40

The right to live and not be arbitrarily deprived of life

Answer 40

Right to life

Question 41

The right to personal freedom, including freedom from arbitrary arrest or detention

Answer 41

Right to liberty and security

Question 42

All individuals should be treated equally and protected by law

Answer 42

Right to equality before the law

Question 43

The right to express one's opinions freely without retaliation

Answer 43

Freedom of expression

Question 44

Protection from arbitrary inteference with personal privacy, family, and home

Answer 44

Right to privacy

Question 45

Acces to education is a basic right for all individuals

Answer 45

Right to education

Question 46

The right to gain employment and receive fair compensation for one's labor

Answer 46

Right to work and fair wages

Question 47

The right to gather peacefully and form associations

Answer 47

Freedom of assembly

Question 48

The right to take part in the political process, including voting and running for office.

Answer 48

Right to participate in government

Question 49

The right to a public hearing, a fair and impartial trial, and legal representation if accused of a crime

Answer 49

Right to a fair trial