CS401A's Prelims: Info Management Module 02

Question 1

focuses on how the database structure will be used to store and manage end-user data.

Answer 1

Database design

Question 2

the first step in designing a database,

Answer 2

Data Modeling,

Question 3

refers to the process of creating a specific data model for a determined problem domain.

Answer 3

Data Modeling

Question 4

is relatively simple representation, usually graphical, of more complex real-world data structures.

Answer 4

A data model

Question 5

is an abstraction of a more complex real-world object or event.

Answer 5

a model

Question 6

can facilitate interaction among the designer, the applications programmer, and the end user.

Answer 6

Data models

Question 7

constitutes the most basic information used by a system.

Answer 7

Data

Question 8

are created to manage data and to help transform data into information,

Answer 8

Applications

Question 9

Basic building blocks for data model

Answer 9

Entity
Attribute
Relationship

Question 10

It is a person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored.

Answer 10

Entity

Question 11

It is a characteristic of an entity.

Answer 11

Attribute

Question 12

It describes an association among entities.

Answer 12

Relationship

Question 13

Three (3) types of relationships:

Answer 13

One-to-one (1:1) relationship
One-to-many (1:M) relationship
Many-to-many (M:M) relationship

Question 14

It was developed in the 1960s to manage large amounts of data for complex manufacturing projects.

Answer 14

Hierarchical Model

Question 15

The model’s basic logical structure is represented by an upside-down tree.

Answer 15

Hierarchical Model

Question 16

It contains levels, or segments.

Answer 16

Hierarchical Model

Question 17

is the equivalent of a file system’s record type.

Answer 17

Segment

Question 18

It was created to represent complex data relationships more effectively than the hierarchical model, to improve database standard.

Answer 18

Network Model

Question 19

is generally used today, the standard database concepts that emerged with the network model are still used by modern data models:

Answer 19

Network Model

Question 20

the standard database concepts that emerged with the network model are still used by modern data models:

Answer 20

Schema
Subschema
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data Definition Language (DDL)

Question 21

It is the conceptual organization of the entire database as viewed by the database administrator.

Answer 21

Schema

Question 22

It defines the portion of the database by the application programs that actually produce the desired information from the data in the database.

Answer 22

Subschema

Question 23

It defines the environment in which data can be managed.

Answer 23

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Question 24

It allows the database administrator to define the schema components

Answer 24

Data Definition Language (DDL)

Question 25

It was introduced in 1970 by E.F. Codd of IBM.

Answer 25

Relational Model

Question 26

represented a major breakthrough for both users and designers.

Answer 26

The relational model

Question 27

The foundation of mathematical concept is known as a

Answer 27

relation.

Question 28

It was introduced in 1970 by Peter Chen.

Answer 28

Entity Relationship Model

Question 29

The graphical representation of entities and their relationships in a database structure quickly became popular, because it complemented the relational data model concepts.

Answer 29

Entity Relationship Model

Question 30

are combined to provide the foundation for tightly structured database design.

Answer 30

The relational data model and ERM

Question 31

both data and its relationships are contained in a single structure known as an object.

Answer 31

In the Object-Oriented Data Model (OODM),

Question 32

In turn, the OODM is the basis for the

Answer 32

Object-Oriented Database Management System (OODBMS).

Question 33

A metalanguage used to represent and manipulate data elements.

Answer 33

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Question 34

Unlike markup languages, permits the manipulation of a document's data elements.

Answer 34

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

Question 35

It refers to a movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of web and sensor-generated data and derive business insight from it

Answer 35

Big Data

Question 36

The term seems to have been first used in a computing framework by John Mashey, Silicon Graphics scientist in the 1990s.

Answer 36

Big Data

Question 37

However, it seems to be Douglas Laney, a data analyst from the Gartner Group, who first described the basic characteristics of Big Data databases:

Answer 37

Volume Velocity Variety

Question 38

It refers to the amounts of data being stored.

Answer 38

Volume

Question 39

It refers not only to the speed with which data grows but also to the need to process this data quickly in order to generate information and insight.

Answer 39

Velocity

Question 40

It refers to the fact that the data being collected comes in multiple different data formats.

Answer 40

Variety

Question 41

It is a large-scale distributed database system that stores structured and unstructured data in efficient ways.

Answer 41

NoSQL

Question 42

One of the big advantages of is that they generally use a distributed database node.

Answer 42

NoSQL (databases) supports distributed database architecture

Question 43

can handle very high volumes of data.

Answer 43

NoSQL (databases) supports very large amounts of sparse data

Question 44

are designed to support web operations, such as the ability to add capacity in the form of nodes to the distributed database when the demand is high, and to do it transparently and without downtime.

Answer 44

NoSQL (databases) provides high scalability, high availability, and fault tolerance

Question 45

One of the biggest problems if very large distributed databases are enforcing data consistency.

Answer 45

Most NoSQL databases are geared toward performance rather than transactions consistency

Question 46

It is the end user's view of the data environment.

Answer 46

External Model || external schema

Question 47

It refers to people who use the application programs to manipulate the data and generate information.

Answer 47

External Model || external schema

Question 48

diagrams will be used to represent the external views. A specific representation

Answer 48

External Model || external schema

Question 49

It represents a global view of the entire database by the entire organization.

Answer 49

Conceptual Model || conceptual schema

Question 50

it is the basis for the identification and high-level description of the main data objects.

Answer 50

Conceptual Model || conceptual schema

Question 51

It is the representation of the database as "seen" by the DBMS.

Answer 51

Internal Model || Internal schema

Question 52

It requires the designer to match the conceptual model's characteristics and constraints to those of the selected implementation model.

Answer 52

Internal Model || Internal schema

Question 53

depicts a specific representation, using the database constructs supported by the chosen database.

Answer 53

Internal Model || Internal schema

Question 54

operates at the lowest level of abstraction, describing the way data is saved on storage media.

Answer 54

Physical Model

Question 55

requires the definition of both the physical devices and the (physical) access methods required to reach the data within those storage devices, making it both software and hardware dependent.

Answer 55

Physical Model