CVS physiology 2 - electical prperties of a heart

Question 1

what are t tubercules

Answer 1

areas betwee saroplacim rectium where the z lines are and actinand myacin filaments

Question 2

sarcoloemma

Answer 2

boudnary of skeletal musle fiber and sarocpami reectium

Question 3

gap junctio

Answer 3

electical coneention

Question 4

desmosdones

Answer 4

pysical conetion

Question 5

intercolateed discs

Answer 5

desosone and gap junction

Question 6

what does the sr relase

Answer 6

ca2+

Question 7

what is the z line

Answer 7

connection of actin

Question 8

tetanus

Answer 8

contiunusous and increase depolisng after repolaizoin

Question 9

can cardica musle show tetanus

Answer 9

no

Question 10

syncytisum

Answer 10

single or several nucli jointed toighe e..g in a intercolated discs

Question 11

what is the action potenail time for cardiac muscle

Answer 11

250ms

Question 12

what is the action potential time for skela musle

Answer 12

2ms

Question 13

what is the effect of ca on the tropinin in the cardiac celsl

Answer 13

it does not saturate it so the vary of the strencgh can be regulated

Question 14

what is teh differn in a pace maker cell to a non pacemaker cell

Answer 14

much faster depolisse in non pacemaker cell then slow back to freshold, often more stable
pace maker - slower depoisoin to threoc and action ptoein, then quicker and symertical repolisation

Question 15

what are the 5 stages in a pace maker action ptoesin

Answer 15

leaky postain chnalles open (slow deposizsation)
sodum channels open (quciker depolain until peak)
sodium chanels clsoe and potassium channels stay open (slight repolsation due to sodium cahnel closing)
potasium channels close, calcium channels open (contiue depoliazation)
calcium chansles clsoe potasium channels open (platu)

Question 16

what is the resting memabre potential for non pacemaker cell

Answer 16

-90mv

Question 17

what is l type cell

Answer 17

large, long acting ca channel

Question 18

what are the 4 steps in pacemaker action potential

Answer 18

If channels open - increa in pna+( slight depolorisatoin)
ca2+ channels open gradully, more later on - t type(large depolisation stadge)
ca2+ ion channels close, k+ ion (at peak, then reploisation starts) channels open
k+ ion chanels close (at end of cycle
if channel open

Question 19

what are t type cells

Answer 19

tiny, transietn, dont sty open for long

Question 20

autoryhmicity

Answer 20

explained by pacemaker cells, regularity of beat

Question 21

p wave

Answer 21

depoloisation of atrial

Question 22

qrs complex

Answer 22

ventricular depolaatio

Question 23

t comples

Answer 23

venticuar repolorisatoin

Question 24

sinoatrial node

Answer 24

node at top of right atrium, it is a pace maker

Question 25

annulous fibrous

Answer 25

non conducin mattre atriums an ventricle on right and left side

Question 26

atrioventricular node

Answer 26

delay box, found on tricuspid valve

Question 27

how much dose the atrioventicuar node delay buy

Answer 27

0.05 ms

Question 28

what is the bundle of his

Answer 28

rabid conducton system , bundle of his inbetwen all chamber, passes info to branches then to final punjece fiesers

Question 29

punkinje fibers

Answer 29

electicl fibers conected to myocardium

Question 30

what is seen in frist degree herat block

Answer 30

increaed pr intaver about 0.2 section

Question 31

pr intervsal

Answer 31

from p to qrs

Question 32

mobits second degree heart blocktype 1

Answer 32

Gradual PR interval prolongation until a P wave is dropped (non-conducted).
This pattern typically repeats in groups of beats (e.g., 3:2, 4:3).
PR interval usually returns to normal after dropped beat.

Question 33

mobits second degree heart block type 2

Answer 33

Non-conducted P waves occur suddenly without warning or consistent pattern.
PR interval usually remains constant before and after dropped bea

Question 34

3rd degree herat block

Answer 34

non consitant timing between pr block

Question 35

what is artical flutter

Answer 35

repetive rapid pumping or artium, then ocoaily pqs after about 10 p

Question 36

what is atrial fibulation

Answer 36

no visible p wave and irrecual qrs

Question 37

what is the delay of the av node

Answer 37

0.09 seconds

Question 38

what are the two ways to remove calcium at the end of te cycle

Answer 38

serca pump - transports calcium back into the sr from the cytoplasm
sodium calcium exchanger - uses sodium calcium exhcne 3na+ for 1ca+