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Cardiovascular > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

what is normal blood pressure

A

140/90

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2
Q

what is teh effect of a 2mmhgh rise in blood pressurw

A

7% increas risk from IHd in death
10% increase mortality from stroke

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3
Q

what is the increaed risk of a change in 20mmgh systolic or 10mmhg diastolic

A

double risk of cvd death regarless of age

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4
Q

what is a safe blood pressure with no increased risk

A

115/ 75

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5
Q

what organs are most effected by hpyerension

A

brain, eyses, blood vessles, heart, kidnesy

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6
Q

what is the effect of the kidneys on hyperention

A

renal failure, dialysis, transplation, proetiurai

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7
Q

what is the effct of te eyes ofn high blood pressure

A

retinopathy

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8
Q

wha tis the effet on the blod vessel of high blood pressure

A

peripheral vasular resiance

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9
Q

what is hteh effect of the heart of high blood presure

A

lvh, chd, chf, mi

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10
Q

what are tbe ane of valuels for stage 1 hypertension - cliia values and average daytime values

A

clinic 140/90
av. daytime 135/85

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11
Q

what are tbe ane of valuels for stage 2 hypertension - clinical values and average day time values

A

clincical 160/100
averae day time 150/90

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12
Q

what are the average values of stadge 3 hyperention - clinical only

A

clincal 180/120

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13
Q

what is a normal no of daytime measures to be reliable and accurate

A

30 or more

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14
Q

what percent of hypetension is primary

A

80-90%

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15
Q

what are caue of secondary hypertension

A

chronic renal diseae, renal artery stenosis, endocrine deiaes - cushings, conns, phaemochroncyoma

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16
Q

what is phaemochromocyoma

A

increased sympatheic tone

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17
Q

what factors increase risk of hypertension

A

smoking, diabteis (5-30 time incresase in mi), renal diaes, male (2*rsik incresase), hyperlipademia, previous stroke, lv hyperterphy

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18
Q

what is the effect of the sympathic nervous system on the heart

A

tachycaria, increased sotrike voume, incraed caridac output, casocaontion

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19
Q

what hormones are stimulated by the sympatheic nervous sytem

A

angiotension 2, aldrosterone

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20
Q

what does angioten 2 do

A

vasocaontion

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21
Q

what does aldrostoern do

A

water and salt reterniton

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22
Q

what stimulare raas

A

fall in bp, fall in circuating blood , sodium depletion

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23
Q

where is aldroster relased form

A

Adrenoglands on kidneys

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24
Q

what are the cuaes of hypentions

A

sodium homestic effect 0- kidnesya are unable to excrete aproat amount of sodium for given blood pressure
heridy defects of smooth mulse lining arterioles

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25
Q

what is teh effect of age on blood pressure

A

higher blood presure in elder, thus need to be watched and treated

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26
Q

where is the closest genetic cordation in a family, parents or sibling

A

sibling

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27
Q

what envirometnal facot incrase blood presure

A

stress

28
Q

what is the effect of a mall amount of alcohol on bp

A

slight decreae

29
Q

waht is the effect of a large amount of alcohol on blood pressur

A

increae in blood pressue

30
Q

what affect does weight have on bp

A

increse it sifnicanlty

31
Q

what is the effect of a 9kg weight loss

A

decrea in blodo pressure of 19/18mmgh

32
Q

what is the effect of birthweigh of mothers high blood pressure

A

lowered

33
Q

what is the effect of race onbp

A

caucation have lower blood pressure than afrian population

34
Q

what investigations can be done for blood pressru

A

ecg, echocariogarm, proteinurai, renal ultrasound, renal funciton

35
Q

what is the effect of sleep apneoa on blodo pressure

A

increase it

36
Q

what risk scorer is used in scotland

A

assign score .com

37
Q

what is the suggested targe for blodo pressure

A

135/80

38
Q

which gropus shou.d be treated iwther the blood pressure is greater than 135/85 and they are less then 80

A

target end orrgan damge,
estabilshed cardiovasular disease
renal diases
diabetes
10 year risk of cv 10% or greater

39
Q

what is teh treamet fr some less than 40 with stage 1 hypertension

A

seek specialised advie

40
Q

how should treamtent differ for stadge 1 hypertnio for over 80s

A

offer smae treametn but higher blood pressure targe of 145/85

41
Q

what isthe drug treametn for african decne or people aed over 55 for antyphertide drug treametn

A

calcium channel bloker or hazide like diuretic

42
Q

what is teh first treatment for those under 55

A

ace inhibtor or arb

43
Q

what is the effet of ace inhibiirotr on women of child beraign age

A

teratogneic in earl stae, fetal toxi in later stage

44
Q

what is teh seond stae in hypertsion treament

A

add thiazide

45
Q

what is thiazide exampels

A

indapamide

46
Q

what is the 3rd stadge in hpernstion treeamted

A

and calciu cahl blocker, ace inhibitor, and diureti together

47
Q

what do to in step 4 of hypertension treatmed

A

consider complace issur, try higher does of thiazide like diruet therpay, consider further direutic therapy, low dose spirolace

48
Q

what are exaples of ace inhitors

A

ramipril, perindropril

49
Q

what is the funtio of ace ihibortor

A

stop produtio of angiotenion 2 which is a proten vaosconstior

50
Q

what are the sdie effects of ace inhibros

A

hypercalemia, fertile problems. renal artery stenosis - can cuae renal failure, impared renal fucntion

51
Q

what drugs interact with ace

A

nsaids - non steroidal anti infla - renal falure
potassuim suplame - hyper alkeama

52
Q

what are examples of angiotension 2 receptor bloker

A

losartan, valsartan, candesartan

53
Q

what is teh adavaet of angiotensio 2 inhibor over ace

A

fewer sideeffects

54
Q

what do cahlce channel blockers do

A

vasodialtion

55
Q

what are example of calium chanel blocker

A

amlodipide, felodipne

56
Q

what is the effect of cailunm cahnel bloker

A

reduec tpr

57
Q

who are calium cahnel blokers for

A

those ovr 55

58
Q

waht calium chanel bloker should be given to women of child baring age

A

nifedapine

59
Q

what are examples of rate liminting calicum channel bloker

A

verapamil

60
Q

what type of alium channel do chalium channelblocker work on

A

l type

61
Q

what is the adver drug rection of ccb

A

flushing,heache, ankle oedem, indigesiton, badycaria, constipation

62
Q

what is a cotraidiato to ccb

A

acutemi, heaart failure, bardyaria

63
Q

what do thiazid type diuretic do

A

increas urinary exertio of soidum, resiance vesl dilation, reduing tpr,

64
Q

when are centraly ating agens melyhydoam used

A

hypertension during pregnacy

65
Q

when is an exaple of an alph adrenorepot antagoist

A

doxazosin

66
Q

what is teh use of alpha adreoreceptr antagio

A

oppose smoth mule contraciton itne arteries

Cardiovascular (37 decks)

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