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Cardiovascular > Valvular disease > Flashcards

Valvular disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are causes of mitral valve stenosis

A

rhemuatic heart diseaes, congentia ms, systmic e.g. sle, ra

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2
Q

what isze is the mitral valv orifice for mitral stenois

A

less than 2cm

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3
Q

what ishte effect on the lugns of mitral stenosis

A

plumonary vascuar resince increase due to incread pulmary prssues, cuasuing pulmonary hypertion

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4
Q

what is effect of the right heart as a result of mitral stenosi

A

dilitation

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5
Q

what factors effect m stenosi steverity

A

trans valvular pressure graaident
trans vavlular flow raeq

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6
Q

what factors effect the transvalur fllow rate

A

co adn heart rate

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7
Q

what are the symphto of mitral stenosi

A

dysponea, pulmonaru doema, haemopthisis, chesst pain, ornasess of speech

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8
Q

what is the signs mitral stnois

A

infecgive endocaridse, pulmonary odema, systemci ebolisalio, left atrium enlargemetn
nomrla pulse
increaed jvp iwht a wave
rv heave
tapping apex beat and diastoil thrill

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9
Q

what is seen on ecg for atoric stenio

A

right vntice hypertoryp
complex great thna 0.12 seconds

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10
Q

what is sen on x ray for milta stenosi`

A

enlarged left atrium`

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11
Q

what is seen on echocardiogram fro mitral stenosis`

A

thickening and scarring of leaflets, fusion of commissuers

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12
Q

what is the treatment medilly for mitral stnois

A

dieeurets and restricion of na intake
- if af sr restroation or ventiluar rate controal and anticaougltoin

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13
Q

what are the surgical opton for mitrla stenosis

A

valvotomy, mvr

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14
Q

what are causes of mitrla regurication`

A

rheumatic herat disea, degernative, mitral valve prolapse, inefective endocardistis, functila mr due to lv and annual dilation

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15
Q

what happens if the annular enlarges in mitral regurgitaion

A

reguraitation vole increases

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16
Q

what is acute mitral reguariction symptoms

A

breathlessness , pulmonary odeam, cariogenic shock

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17
Q

what is chronic mitgal regurlication symptosn

A

fatique, exhasuion, right heratfailurew, dysponea or palpitations

18
Q

what is the pluse of mitral reguarication

A

noram or reduced in herat failure

19
Q

what clincal exampaiton symptoms jmay be seen with mitral reguarion

A

raised jvp, brisk and hyperdysmaic apex beat, rv heave, reudced s1, spit 2 2 on auciaiton

20
Q

what is seen on an ecg fro mitral reuaiton

A

la enlargemt leading to pr interval greater than 0.12 seconds, tall . right ventriclaur hypertory, promit r wave in r precoeail leads

21
Q

what is seen on a chest x ray for mtial regurciation

A

cardiomegaly, la enlargemt, calcification of mitral annulus

22
Q

waht is seen with cardiac caghterisation

A

left venticlar antiogarm

23
Q

what is the point of echocariogly

A

lv dimesion, finding cause of mr, leaflet dysfuion, chordae, paokly musle, severity of Mr and pap

24
Q

what is the physiolgy treatmet for acutre Mr and chronic mr

A

acute - reduced preals nd afterolad
chronic - litel treatment is availe
surgy orf mtrial valve apparatus repair or replacemetn

25
Q

causes of aotic valve stenosis

A

degernaerative- atheroscholois, rheumatic, bicuspid

26
Q

what is the effect of arotic stenois on physoilogy

A

increased lv systokc presure, cuase hypertory and increase inmass, incred end disasito pressure, causing increased 02 depan then inscaem then lv failoure

27
Q

what is the symptoms of aortic steons

A

chet pain, syncope, breathlessnes, heartfailur

28
Q

what is the clincal examinion of aortic stnons

A

small volume of pulse and slowly rising, prominte jvp in rh failure, virouga sn sustained apex beat, right ventricular heave, auscaltion hear late being lough and hear sounds between s1, may have less audible s2

29
Q

what is seen on ecg for aortic stenosi

A

lvh , st chagnes

30
Q

what is seen on cxr for aorti steons

A

clafiction of av

31
Q

what is the point of av echocardioram

A

whos the av cups mobility, lv fuciotn and hypertrophy, dopperl haemodynaic aasssemtnand pressure grandin and va

32
Q

what can cause dilated aorta

A

marfans or hyperteion or ct disorders

33
Q

what can cause aortic lealfelt disaer

A

bicupid aortic valve, endocardiats, rhemuatic heart diseas, myxomatous degernatarion

34
Q

what is thesymptom of crhic aortic reguarication

A

long asymptomatic phase, exertional breathlessnes

35
Q

what is teh symptoms of acutre aortic reguariction

A

porrly tolerated ase wall tension cannot adapt

36
Q

waht are the clincat symptons of aortic reguraiton

A

pulse, large voljme and colaping, wide pusle pressure, hyperdymaic, dyspalced apex beat, ausciton - early diasto, descrein on systoliy murmr

37
Q

ecg for aortic reguartion

A

st chagnes, lad

38
Q

what s seen on cxr for aortic reguatoin

A

cardiomegaly in chrinc ar

39
Q

what is sene in echocariolgry for aotic reguarion

A

av cusp anatim - thickening, prlape, no .o cusp, vegataion, lv function, dilation and hhypertroyp
doppler haemodyantic assessment of regurgiant flow

40
Q

what meidca treatm is done for aotic regurion

A

vasodilation thearpy

Cardiovascular (37 decks)

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