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Cardiovascular > The pathophysiology of congestoin and oedema > Flashcards

The pathophysiology of congestoin and oedema Flashcards

1
Q

congestion

A

excess blood in vessles of tissues or organs

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2
Q

what is an example of a local acute congestion of things which can causes odema in the legs

A

dvt,

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3
Q

what is an example of a local chronic congesion

A

hepatic cirrhosis

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4
Q

what is an example of gererlised acture congesion

A

congesitive heart failure

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5
Q

what is the effect of a dvt in the lges

A

blood backs up, thsu reducing oftflow of blood, cuasinga decrease in presure gradien and decreased flow acoss the system leading to ischemia and infraction

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6
Q

what causes hepatic cirrhosis

A

liver damage, alchol,

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7
Q

what is the effect of the portal vein as a result of hepatic cirrhosis

A

blocked portal vein, increased portal venous pressure, , atomoses occur

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8
Q

what is the main risk of a hepaic cirrahos

A

haemorgae

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9
Q

what tpe of tissue forms in hepatic cirrhosis

A

firbous

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10
Q

what are example of shunt of portal system

A

oesphageal varices, caput medusae

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11
Q

what is congestive cardiac failure

A

heart unable to clear blood in the right and left ventricles

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12
Q

why does congestive heart faiule cuaes odema

A

reduced cardiac output, reduced activtion of raas, increased an and h20 retion , increased body fluid, increased fluid overlad

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13
Q

why does congestive herat failure cause pulmonary odema

A

blood dams back into the lungsw

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14
Q

why does congestive heart failrue cause veneous congesstion

A

right heart failure,blooddams back into systemic ciruclaotn, jvp incares, increased hepatomeglay, increaedperipheal odema

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15
Q

what is the periccentral hepatocytes coloure wehn poolry oxgeneated

A

red in colour

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16
Q

what is the peripoatl hepatocye colour wehn poorly oxygenated

A

pale

17
Q

name of liver where there is the name of the hepatic central venous congestion

A

nutmeg liver

18
Q

what pressure drive blood out of capilae

A

hydrostaic capily prssure and interstial oncotic pressure

19
Q

what pressure drives plood ingo cpapiles

A

capilly hydrostin oncotic presure and intersit collod onctoic pressure

20
Q

when is transudate odema often present

A

cardiac failreu, fludi overlaods

21
Q

when is exudate odema oftern present

A

allger, tumor or inflamation

22
Q

what physiological process causes exudate odema

A

iflamation due to reduced vascular permeabilidty

23
Q

what happens to left atrail pressure in left venticlre pressure

A

it increases

24
Q

what hapens to pulomary blood flow durign left vencre pressureincreaases

A

it increaes

25
Q

what happens if here is increaed ulumary blood flow

A

means that theere is pulmonary odema in lungs

26
Q

what type of heart failure cauesees peripheal odema

A

right

27
Q

what type of heart faiure causes pulmnoary odeam

A

left

28
Q

what is the proces bethen right heart failure and peripheral odema

A

heart cannot empty rv in systole, this leads to blood retained in the system veins. increase blood pressure in the capillers

29
Q

what type of odeam is seen in congestive heart failrue

A

pulmonary odeam and periphel odema at hte same time

30
Q

lymphoedema

A

blockage of lymphatic system

31
Q

what ishte effect of odema in renal fucntion

A

results in salt and h20 retension, leading to secondary in heart falure

32
Q

what caues nephrotic sysdnome

A

leaky renal glomerular basement memabre, meaing lose prtoin and gnearlsied odema

33
Q

what is the effect of reduced protin levesl

A

transudate odema

34
Q

is damage to endothel ling exudate or transudate

A

exudate - as incrases no.of porses in meamer, increase osmotic relection

35
Q

what causes incfeard endotheal permibilty

A

burn, acutre inflation such as pneumoia

36
Q

transudate caues

A

liver cheroiss
sevre hypoproteialurea
nephrotic syndrome

37
Q

exucate causes

A

pulmonary embolism
infection
pulmonary infraction
malignacy
trauma

Cardiovascular (37 decks)

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