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HISTOPATHOLOGY > DECALCIFICATION/DEMINERALIZATION > Flashcards

DECALCIFICATION/DEMINERALIZATION Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium or lime salts are removed from tissues

A

DECALCIFICATION

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2
Q

Decalcification is done after _____ and before _____

A

Fixation; Impregnation

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3
Q

Inadequate decalcification results in poor cutting of hard tissues and damage to the knife edge. True or False?

A

True

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4
Q

Most widely used for routine decalcification; stable, easily available, inexpensive

A

Acid Decalcifying Agents

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5
Q

Optimum temperature of Acid Decalcifying Agents

A

18-30/RT

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6
Q

Recommended Tissue:Fluid ratio for decalcification

A

1:20

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7
Q

MOST COMMONLY USED DECALCIFYING AGENT

A

NITRIC ACID

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8
Q

Very rapid, produces minimal distortion, recommended for routine purposes/urgent biopsies

A

Nitric Acid

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9
Q

Nitric acid is easily removed by

A

70% alcohol

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10
Q

Decalcification time of Nitric acid

A

12-24 hours

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11
Q

Silver impregnation of nerve fibers

A

De Castro’s fluid

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12
Q

Less tissue destruction than 10% Aq. HNO3

A

Formol-Nitric Acid

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13
Q

Decalcification time of Formol-Nitric Acid

A

1-3 days

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14
Q

Decalcifies and softens tissues, nuclear and cytoplasmic staining is good, maceration is avoided

A

Perenyi’s Fluid

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15
Q

Decalcification time of Perenyi’s Fluid

A

2-7 days

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16
Q

Most rapid decalcifier; urgent works

A

Phloroglucin-Nitric Acid

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17
Q

Decalcification time of Phloroglucin-Nitric Acid

A

12-24 hours

18
Q

Surface tissue block

A

Hydrochloric acid

19
Q

Routine post-mortem research tissues

A

Formic acid

20
Q

Decalcification time of Formic acid

A

2-7 days

21
Q

No washing-out required; permits good staining

A

TCA

22
Q

Decalcification time of TCA

A

4-8 days

23
Q

Decalcifier and tissue softener

A

Perenyi’s fluid

24
Q

Minute pieces of bones

A

Sulfurous acid

25
Q

Minute bone spicules

A

Chromic acid (Flemming’s Fluid)

26
Q

Excellent nuclear and cytoplasmic staining

A

Citric acid-citrate buffer solution (pH 4.5)

27
Q

Teeth and small pieces of bone

A

Von Ebner’s fluid

28
Q

Nails

A

Lendrum’s fluid

29
Q

Substances which combine with calcium ions and other salts to form weakly dissociated complexes and facilitate removal of calcium salt

A

CHELATING AGENTS

30
Q

Most common chelating agent

A

EDTA (Versene)

31
Q

Decalcification time of chelating agents

A

1-3 weeks

32
Q

Chelating agents are rapid and recommended for urgent biopsies. True or False?

A

False; Very slow, Not recommended

33
Q

Hastens decalcification by removing calcium ions from Formic Acid-containing decalcifying solutions, thereby increasing solubility from the tissue

A

ION EXCHANGE RESINS

34
Q

Process whereby positively charged calcium ions are attracted to a negative electrode and subsequently removed from the decalcifying solution

A

ELECTROPHORESIS (ELECTRICAL IONIZATION)

35
Q

Utilizes electricity to remove the calcium deposits

A

ELECTROPHORESIS (ELECTRICAL IONIZATION)

36
Q

THREE WAYS TO MEASURE THE EXTENT OF DECALCIFICATION

A

PHYSICAL OR MECHANICAL TEST
X-RAY OR RADIOLOGICAL METHOD
CHEMICAL METHOD

37
Q

Done by touching or bending the tissue, pricking the tissue with a fine needle or probe

A

PHYSICAL OR MECHANICAL TEST

38
Q

Most ideal and reliable way to measure extent of decalcification, very expensive

A

X-RAY OR RADIOLOGICAL METHOD

39
Q

Simple, reliable and convenient, recommended for routine purposes, to detect the presence of calcium in the decalcifying solution

A

CHEMICAL METHOD

40
Q

For unduly hard tissues which are liable to damage the microtome knives

A

TISSUE SOFTENERS

41
Q

TISSUE SOFTENERS

A

HaHa PePhe Mo - MALAMBOT

HCl
1% HCl in 70% alcohol
Perenyi’s fluid
4% aq. Phenol
Molliflex

HISTOPATHOLOGY (16 decks)

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