Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HISTOPATHOLOGY > FOR MTLE > Flashcards

FOR MTLE Flashcards

1
Q

A fixative made up of mercuric chloride stock solution to which glacial acetic acid has been added just before use

A

Zenker’s fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fixative for trichrome staining

A

Zenker’s fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The most rapid fixative

A

Carnoy’s fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dezenkerization is the process used to remove excessive ___ fixatives

A

Mercury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Used to remove excess mercuric fixatives

A

Alcoholic Iodine/Langeron’s Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fixatives is considered as an excellent microanatomic agent for pituitary gland, bone marrow, and blood-containing organs such as spleen and liver

A

Helly’s fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glacial acetic acid solidifies at

A

17 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

10% formol saline preserves nucleoproteins. True or False?

A

False; CNS tissues, general post-mortem tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

10% formol saline demonstrates fats and mercuric-containing substances. True or False?

A

False; mucin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

10% formol saline preserves microanatomical and nuclear structures. True or False?

A

False’ microanatomical and cytoplasmic structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It may be used both as a fixative and decalcifying agent

A

Chromic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The angle formed between the cutting edges, normally between 27 to 32 degree angle is called

A

Bevel angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Used as both for clearing and dehydrating tissue samples

A

Dioxane and tetrahydrofuran

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It is used for the removal of formalin pigments

A

Sectionize with water

Tap water—used to remove excess chromatin, formalin,
and osmic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Removal of Formalin Pigment

A

Kardasewitsch’s method
Lillie’s method
Picric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tissue + Formalin + Precipitates

A

Paraformaldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most common chrome-osmium acetic acid fixative which is recommended for nuclear preparations?

A

Flemming’s solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Paraffin sections are usually cut in the range of:

A

4-6 micra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Celloidin sections are usually cut in the range of:

A

> 8 micra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What fixative is recommended for renal tissues, fibrin, connective tissues and muscles

A

Mercuric chloride fixative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most common fixative and tissue photography

A

Mercuric chloride fixative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What fresh tissue examination process is recommended for cytological studies

A

Smearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Method used for diagnostic cytology

A

Fine Needle Aspirate Biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It is the recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands, and urgent biopsies

A

Carnoy’s fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Both decalcifier and tissue softener

A

Perenyi’s fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Composition of Perenyi’s fluid

A

Absolute alcohol (Ethanol)
1% Nitric acid
0.5% Chromic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Perenyi’s fluid component used to avoid tissue maceration

A

Absolute alcohol (Ethanol)
0.5% Chromic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Most expensive method/test but it the most ideal and most reliable method of determining the extent of decalcification

A

Radiological/X-RAYmethod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What type of microtome is used for cutting celloidin embedded sections?

A

Sliding using plane-wedge knife

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Decalcifying agents that are nitric acid-based

A

Formol-Nitric acid
Perenyi’s fluid
Phloroglucin-Nitric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Decalcifying agent that permits good nuclear staining characteristics of tissue

A

TCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What fixative is the most widely used in Electron Microscopy?

A

Glutaraldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Alternative fixative used in Electron Microscopy

A

Osmic acid/Osmium tetroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Mercuric pigments from fixatives can be removed from tissues using

A

Alcoholic iodide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Used to wash out excess picric acid

A

50-70% alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Removes melanin

A

Potassium permanganate and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In the chemical method of testing the extent of decalcification, this finding indicates incomplete decalcification process

A

Cloudiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the purpose of post-decalcification of tissue

A

To neutralize the tissue

Calcium oxalate test: Based on turbidity

Clear: Complete decalcification
Cloudy: Incomplete decalcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What method of tissue fixation is recommended for bacteriologic smears?

A

Heat Fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The “washed-out” appearance of cells with swelling of cytoplasm which eventually converts to a granular, homogenous mass is due to:

A

Autolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Dissolution of cell ruture of lysosome

A

Autolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the atmospheric temperature inside a cryostat?

A

-20 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Tissues should not be more than 5 mm thick except for ___, with minimum squeezing and handling

A

Lung edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Decalcifying agents is recommended for minute bone spicules?

A

Chromic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

It is used in fixing brain tissues for the diagnosis of rabies

A

Acetone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

It is used for intricate cutting work which often incorporates tight curves.

A

Fret saw/Jig saw/Hack saw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What fixative is useful for sputum since it coagulates mucus?

A

Gendre’s solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

This serves as a fixative and stain in Bouin’s solution

A

Picric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The temperature at which acid reagents are stored is a

A

18-30 C/RT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Decalcification is done after _____

A

Fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Used mainly as a fixative and a dehydrant?

A

Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Apparatus used to measure an exact volume of liquids

A

Graduated cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Fixation may be done before ___ and after ___.

A

Decalcification; gross cutting of tissue section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Decalcifying agent recommended for pieces of teeth

A

Von Ebner’s solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

This tissue softener is used for fingernails

A

Lendrum’s fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

It preserves myelin better than buffered formalin

A

Orth’s fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Dense bone tissue usually requires decalcification process up to ___ days

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

It is ideally used for preserving small bone fragments

A

Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

It is the preferred clearing agent in urgent biopsies

A

Benzene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Alternative clearing agent in urgent biopsies

A

Xylene/Xylol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What excellent cytologic fixative is mainly recommended for tumor skin biopsies?

A

Heidenhain’s Susa solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is the usual fixation time and temperature using the Newcomer’s fluid?

A

12-18 hours at 3 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Knife with backs

A

Biconcave
Plane-concave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Which of the following types of hone gives the best result?

A

Belgium Yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

The concentration of hydrochloric acid used for routine decalcification is:

A

1-5% HCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

The concentration of hydrochloric acid used as tissue softener

A

1-2% HCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Which clearing agent is associated with aplastic anemia?

A

Benzene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

For embedding larged-sized tissues, this concentration of celloidin is to be used

A

8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

For embedding small-sized tissues, this concentration of celloidin is to be used

A

2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

For embedding medium-sized tissues, this concentration of celloidin is to be used

A

4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

The Tissue-Tek System is an example of this type of mold.

A

Plastic Embedding Mold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

The chemical name given for cellosolve is:

A

Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Who discovered the rotary microtome?

A

Minot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Which of the following microtomes is preferred for fluorescent antibody staining techniques?

A

Cryostat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Which of the following is used to cut any type of resin block for electron microscopy?

A

Glass knife

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

The purpose of post-decalcification is to:

A

Neutralize the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What is the recommended ratio of decalcifying fluid to tissue volume?

A

20:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Usual honing technique would normally require maximum ___ double strokes on each side of the knife

A

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Using ice trays for embedding, the mold needs to be treated first with:

A

Glycerin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Excessive exposure to this clearing agent may be extremely toxic and causes damage to the bone
marrow

A

Benzene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Flemming’s fluid without glacial acetic acid is made up of:

A

Chromic acid and osmic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

The clearing agent turns milky as soon as the tissue is placed in it due to:

A

Incomplete dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

In the Cryostat procedure, the microtome is housed in an electrically driven refrigerated chamber maintained at what temperature?

A

-20 °C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Sections that are cut from freezing type of microtome have an average thickness of:

A

10 – 15 micra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

The angle formed between the cutting edges of a microtome knife is:

A

Bevel angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

This semi-synthetic wax is recommended for embedding of eyes.

A

Bioloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Methyl salicylate/benzoate is a clearing agent used for:

A

Double embedding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Which blocking media is recommended for routine assays?

A

Leuckhart’s embedding mold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

It is heavier and more stable than the rocking microtome

A

Rotary microtome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Which clearing agents is recommended for central nervous system tissues and cytological studies?

A

Cedarwood oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

It serves to prevent the growth of molds

A

Thymol/1% phenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

This is recommended for clearing embryos, insects and very delicate specimens

A

Aniline oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

What is other name given for cellosolve?

A

Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

Paraffin wax impregnation is very slow, allowing sections to be prepared within 48 hours. True or False?

A

False; Very rapid, 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Low Viscosity Nitrocellulose (LVN) is soluble in equal concentration of ether and aniline. True or False?

A

False; ether and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

It is used for both small and large paraffin embedded block

A

Rocking microtome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

Knife used for cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks?

A

Plane-Wedge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

It may be used in clearing tissues for embedding and mounting

A

Xylol
Chloroform
Dioxane
Cedarwood oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

Clearing and cleaning agents of microtome knives

A

Xylene and Toluene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

Paraffin wax must be used only:

A

Twice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Compositions of Pearse solution.

A

40 parts Diethyl glycol
10 parts Formaldehyde
50 parts Distilled water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

This was developed by Adams in1789

A

Sliding microtome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

Sections may also be flattened and folded pleated sheets can be immerse in ___% alcohol.

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

What type of microtome is used for cutting both small and large paraffin embedded sections?

A

Cambridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

What is the usual type of microtome is used in fresh tissue examination?

A

Cold microtome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

This type of microtome is used for fats and tissue constituents that may be damage by heat.

A

Freezing microtome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

The most dangerous type of microtome is:

A

Sliding microtome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

Paraffin processing is not recommended for fatty tissues. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

The antibody class most frequently used in immunoflourescent and immunoenzyme staining is:

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

The color of RNA with Fluorescent staining using acridine orange is:

A

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

With routine H & E method, what is the color of karyosome?

A

Dark blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

What is the name of the process of sealing the margins of the coverslip to prevent escape of fluid or semi-fluid mounts and evaporation of mountant?

A

Ringing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

The refractive index of the mountant should be as near as possible to that of the glass which is:

A

1.518

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

It is designed to mount water-miscible preparations directly from water in cases where the stain is decolorized with alcohol or xylene

A

Aqueous mounting media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

Canada balsam can be made neutral or acid by adding excess amounts of:

A

Calcium carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

This agent does not produce shrinkage and damage of tissues/organs.

A

Citric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

It is used to stain living cells immediately after removal from the living body

A

Supravital staining

118
Q

It is a process where the specific tissue elements are demonstrated not by stains, but by colorless
solutions of metallic salts.

A

Metallic impregnation

119
Q

In this staining technique, the tissue is first over-stained and the excess stain is removed or decolorized from unwanted parts of the tissue.

A

Regressive staining

120
Q

It is the process by which sections are stained with simple aqueous or alcoholic solutions of the dye

A

Direct staining

121
Q

Tissue elements are stained in a definite sequence is termed as:

A

Progressive staining

122
Q

It accelerates or hastens the speed of the staining reaction by increasing the staining power and selectivity of the dye.

A

Accentuator

123
Q

This may be a substitute agent of benzene for urgent biopsies

A

Xylene

124
Q

What is the color of tissues stained with Sudan III?

A

Orange

125
Q

This cytoplasmic stain is used for counterstaining of epithelial sections

A

Aniline blue

126
Q

It is a weakly basic dye used as a contrast stain for staining Ascaris ova and erythrocytes

A

Malachite green

127
Q

Which of the following is an excellent stain for elastic fibers?

A

Orcein

128
Q

This is best known as an indicator but may be utilized as a stain for axis cylinders of embryos

A

Congo red

129
Q

It permits discrimination between dead and living cells

A

Acridine orange

130
Q

Contrast stain for Gram’s technique, in Acid fast and Papanicolau staining

A

Bismarck brown

131
Q

The stain commonly used for the detection of malaria-infected red blood cells is:

A

Giemsa

132
Q

During intravital staining, this is used to demonstrate mitochondria

A

Janus Green B

133
Q

The formation of an insoluble Hematin-Tissue lake is termed as:

A

Blueing

134
Q

This acid dye can fix, differentiate or stain tissues all by itself.

A

Picric acid

135
Q

Orcein is a vegetable extract which is normally colorless but when treated with ammonia and exposed to air produces ____ color

A

Blue or violet

136
Q

This is an old histologic dye derived from an extract from a female bug

A

Cochineal dye

137
Q

It is a substance which imparts the property of electrolytic dissociation, thereby altering the shade of the dye, giving it the property to form salts and ultimately retaining its color

A

Auxochrome

138
Q

What is the most commonly used adhesive?

A

Mayer’s Egg albumin

139
Q

The clearing agent turns milky as soon as the tissue is placed in it due to:

A

Incomplete dehydration

140
Q

For manual sharpening, this gives the best sharpening of microtome knives.

A

Fine carborundum

141
Q

What is the refractive index of Apathy’s medium?

A

1.520

142
Q

It refers to the complete non-appearance of an organ

A

Agenesia

143
Q

Continuous abnormal proliferation of cells without control is termed as

A

Neoplasia

144
Q

This refers to the purplish discoloration of the skin after death

A

Livor mortis

145
Q

The failure of an organ to form an opening is called:

A

Atresia

146
Q

In staining methods, it means the attraction of small molecules by large molecules

A

Adsorption

147
Q

Standard mounting medium

A

Glycerin jelly

148
Q

What is the best vital dye?

A

Neutral red

149
Q

It is used to stain Spirochete reticulum

A

10% silver nitrate

150
Q

Sudan III is recommended stain for neutral lipids. True or False?

A

False; Fats

151
Q

What method is used to locate the presence and position of mineral ions in tissues/organs?

A

Microincineration

Uses spodogram

152
Q

Formaldehyde is a derivative of:

A

Methanol

153
Q

Which of the following is considered to be the oldest histological stain?

A

Iodine

154
Q

It is used for the demonstration of neuroglia in frozen tissue.

A

Victoria Blue

155
Q

Gelatin adhesive should be:

A

Warm

156
Q

Embedding mold is recommended for busy laboratories

A

Plastic ice trays

157
Q

Resinous mounting medium is used for routine purposes. True or False?

A

True

158
Q

Cells seen in vaginal smears is present after childbirth, abortion and menopausal stage and resembles like a fried-egg appearance of cells?

A

Parabasal cells

159
Q

CEA positive

A

Adenocarcinoma

160
Q

According to Broder’s grading of tumor, classify 27% undifferentiated cells present in the smear

A

II

I: 0-25%
II: 25-50%
III: 50-75%
IV: 75-100%

161
Q

Durofix is a/an:

A

Cellulose adhesive

162
Q

Which of the following smear preparation techniques is characterized when the cells may be examined without destroying their actual intercellular relationship?

A

Impression smear

163
Q

These are cervico-vaginal cells that exhibit a round, oval or boat-shaped with translucent basophilic cytoplasm

A

Pregnancy cells

164
Q

What is the best remedy for horizontal or parallel furrows across the tissue section?

A

Collodionize the tissue subsequently treats with phenol

165
Q

It is used for fixing mitochondria and lipids

A

Potassium dichromate

166
Q

Osmic acid can be dissolved in water at:

A

20 C

167
Q

A general aqueous mountant used for methylene blue stained nerve preparation is:

A

Apathy’s

168
Q

It may be used both as a fixative and decalcifying agent

A

Chromic acid

169
Q

Most common chrome-osmium acetic acid fixative which is recommended for nuclear structureS

A

Flemming’s solution

170
Q

This serves as a fixative and stain in Bouin’s solution.

A

Picric acid

171
Q

The 90 degree angle is evident with:

A

Rake angle

172
Q

Fluorochome staining procedure involves:

A

Secondary antibody labeled with fluorophore binds to primary antibody

173
Q

What is the recommended ratio of fixative to tissue volume used in museum?

A

> 50:1

174
Q

DAB

A

3,3’-Diaminobenzidine

175
Q

DAB (3,3’-Diaminobenzidine) can be used as a signal enhancer in conjunction with:

A

HRP

176
Q

ssue Sectioning is used to prevent dislocation of the sample from object mount due to:

A

High pressure

177
Q

Formaldehyde fixation generates methylene bridges which:

A

Cross links proteins

178
Q

Color produced by Fast Red TR Salt Fast Red?

A

Rose red

179
Q

Not used for polyclonal antibody detection

A

Goat

180
Q

Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) is subjected in:

A

Diagnostic cytology

181
Q

Nuclear Counterstaining is primarily utilized for:

A

Visualization of cellular components of the cells

182
Q

Most widely used for transparentizing?

A

Xylene

183
Q

This counterstain will change the nucleus to red after applying to the tissue section for 2 to 5
minutes

A

Nuclear fast red
Fast Red TR Salt Fast Red

184
Q

Based upon the melting point of wax, immersion should be performed normally at:

A

45-65 C

185
Q

For tissue transparency, this agent is commonly used for skin and smooth muscles derived
tissues

A

Cedarwood oil

186
Q

Clearing time of C. Cedarwood oil

A

5-6 days

187
Q

It is widely used in histology and pathology sections for embryo analysis

A

Bouin’s fluid

188
Q

It produces clear exact antigen location and cellular structures

A

Paraffin

189
Q

Cold acetone can be prepared in this temperature

A

-5 to 4 C

190
Q

To avoid excessive tissue blocking in immunohistochemistry, the preparation temperature and timeframe required is:

A

Room temperature for 10-30 minutes

191
Q

This type of mountant is directly taken from water

A

Aqueous

192
Q

Monoclonal antibody detection is consistent with:

A

During transplantation

193
Q

It is generally done by precisely arranging the tissue onto the mold/medium

A

Blocking/Casting

194
Q

Celloidin embedded sections are cut within a size of ___ micra

A

.>8

195
Q

Water present in the wax must be removed by heating the wax at:

A

100 C

196
Q

In manual processing, at least 4 changes of wax are required at 15 minutes interval. The specimen is then immersed in another fresh solution of melted paraffin for approximately ___ hours to ensure complete embedding

A

3 hours

197
Q
  1. Optimum temperature for decalcification
A

18-30 C

198
Q

It is an excellent fixative for preserving soft and delicate structures such as endometrial curretings

A

Bouin’s solution

199
Q

In Bouin fixative, the swelling effect produced by one component can be balanced by the shrinking effect of

A

Picric acid

200
Q

The knife is usually tilted at _____ angle on a microtome to allow a clearance angle between the cutting facet and the tissue block

A

0-15 degrees

201
Q

Processes done by the automatic tissue processoR

A

Fixation
Dehydration
Clearing
Infiltration

202
Q

This technique is characterized by in situ dissection, in part combined with en bloc removal:

A

Technique of C. Rokitansky

203
Q

Organs are removed one by one. This method has been used most widely, often with some modifications

A

Technique of R. Virchow

204
Q

Rigor mortis occurs about ______ hours after death and persisting for ______ days

A

6 to 12 hours, 3 to 4 days

205
Q

For electron microscopy, tissues should be fixed for ___ hours, then placed in a holding buffer.

A

3

206
Q

Recommended knife for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome

A

Biconcave knife

207
Q

Water bath temperature is about _____°C below the melting point of the paraffin wax

A

10°C

208
Q

If laboratory temperature is 15–18°C, the melting point of wax should be between _________

A

50-54 C

209
Q

Excess copper deposition can often be demonstrated by

A

Rhodamine stain

210
Q

The rocking microtome was introduced by:

A

Paldwell Trefall

211
Q

Temperature of paraffin wax oven

A

55-60 C

212
Q

Most commonly used fixative for amino acid histochemistry

A

Neutral buffered formol saline

213
Q

It is added as preservative to formaldehyde to prevent its decomposition to formic acid or precipitation to paraformaldehyde

A

Methanol

214
Q

A process whereby small pieces of tissue are placed in a microscopic slide and forcibly compressed with another slide or with a cover glass

A

Squash preparation (Crushing)

215
Q

A method of smear preparation whereby the surface of a freshly cut piece of tissue is brought into contact and pressed on to the surface of a clean glass slide. It has an added advantage in that the cells may be examined without destroying their intercellular relationship.

A

Touch preparation (Impression smear)

216
Q

Air holes found in tissue during trimming is

A

Incomplete impregnation

217
Q

Concentrated solutions must never be neutralized since this might precipitate violent explosions

A

Formaldehyde

218
Q

Van Gieson’s Stain is the simplest method of differential staining of collagen and other connective tissue that uses a mixture of:

A

Picric acid and acid fuchsin

219
Q

This is the most sensitive fat stain that can stain both phospholipids and neutral fats. It has a greater affinity to phospholipids and gives triglycerides blue-black color

A

Sudan black B

220
Q

Stain for neurons, axons, neurofibrils

A

Bielchowsky’s technique

221
Q

The use of mercuric chloride as fixative may lead to the formation of ___________colored deposits

A

Silver

222
Q

Mercuric deposits may be removed by immersing tissues in alcoholic iodine prior to staining, through a process known as

A

Dezenkerization

223
Q

It is the best fixative for tissues containing iron pigments

A

10% neutral buffered formalin

224
Q

The volume of the impregnating medium should be at least _____ the volume of the tissue

A

25x

225
Q

A brown, iron free pigment found in association with infarcts and in areas of hemorrhage and thrombosis

A

Hematoidin

226
Q

The most ideal, most sensitive and most reliable method of determining extent of decalcification due to its ability to detect even the smallest focus of calcium

A

X-ray test

227
Q

It is used to stain for elastic fibers, especially in dermatology due to demonstration of the finest and most delicate fibers found in the skin

A

Orcein

228
Q

Which of the following changes is expected in the bronchial epithelium of chronic heavy cigarette smoker?

A

Metaplasia

229
Q

What remedy is applicable when a hole is formed in the tissue section due to bubbles or dirt in the embedding medium?

A

Re-embed in freshly filtered wax

230
Q

A nuclear stain for fixed tissues, used as substitute for thionine in fresh frozen tissue sections. It is recommended for staining of Nissl granules or chromophilic bodies:

A

Toluidine blue

231
Q

The breakdown of tissue by bacterial action is called:

A

Putrefaction

232
Q

Thin sections for electron microscopy are stained with:

A

Uranyl acetate and lead citrate

233
Q

A basic acridine fluorochrome which permits discrimination between dead and living cells, giving green fluorescence to DNA and red fluorescence for RNA:

A

Acridine orange

234
Q

What type of clearing agent is recommended for urgent biopsies?

A

Benzene

235
Q

Decalcification should be done after ________ and before ____________, to ensure and facilitate the normal cutting of sections and to prevent obscuring the microanatomic detail of such sections by bone dust and other cellular debris

A

Fixation/Impregnation

236
Q

The purpose of floating out bath for tissue ribbon is:

A

To flatten

237
Q

Common stains used for Pap’s Smear:

A

EA 50
OG 6
Harris hematoxylin

238
Q

It is an immunohistochemical method that is good for blood and bone marrow smears

A

Phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase complex

239
Q

Cardinal sign of inflammation due to pressure upon sensory nerve by the exudate or tumor

A

Dolor

240
Q

Incomplete or defective development of tissue or organ represented only by fatty or fibrous tissue, bearing no resemblance to the adult structure

A

Aplasia

241
Q

Benign tumors arising from epithelial surfaces are called

A

Polyps

242
Q

t is most commonly encountered in the brain; also, in all tissues in bacterial infections which lead to the formation of pus; probably due to the release of proteolytic enzymes, causing hydrolysis of the damaged cells

A

Liquefaction necrosis

243
Q

It indicates the segmentation and fragmentation of the nucleus, whereby nuclear contents are broken up and release into the cytoplasm

A

Karyorrhexis

244
Q

Bluing agents

A

Scotts tap water
Ammonia water
Lithium carbonate

245
Q

What type of gloves is the most preferred in the histopathologic laboratory?

A

Nitrile

246
Q

What is the ideal transport medium for body cavity effusions?

A

Clean, non-sterile dry container

247
Q

Does NOT influence the rate of tissue processing?

A

Light

248
Q

What does GMP stand for?

A

Good Manufacturing Practice

249
Q

The process of dehydration should be done ________

A

Slowly

250
Q

What is the best dehydrant used for electron microscopy specimens?

A

Ethanol

251
Q

As a counterstain, what color does acid fuchsin produce?

A

Red

252
Q

Automated tissue processors mechanically raises and lowers the tissue into the reagent containers

A

Carousel type

253
Q

What part of the microtome can be semi-automated or fully automated?

A

Hand-wheel

254
Q

Inhibits hematoxylin

A

Osmic acid

255
Q

This is a technique for identifying cellular or tissue constituents by means of antigen- antibody interactions

A

Immunohistochemistry

256
Q

Amyloid deposits when stained with Congo Red yield _________ positive results.

A

Green

257
Q

Used for transport of fresh unfixed tissues such as renal, skin and oral mucosa biopsies

A

Michel’s solution

258
Q

What is the most ideal fixative for the specific demonstration of uric acid?

A

95% ethano

259
Q

What is the most probable cause of when tissue appearing opaque is difficult to cut in the presence of alcohol?

A

Insufficient clearing

260
Q

What is the most common cause of tissue blocks appearing brittle and hard?

A

Prolonged fixation

261
Q

What is the most common cause of shrinkage and swelling of cells and tissue structure?

A

Overfixation

262
Q

What could be a probable cause of poor cutting of hard tissues and damage to the knife edge during sectioning?

A

Inadequate decalcification

263
Q

The most widely used label for immunohistochemistry is

A

Horseradish peroxidase

264
Q

The simplest, most common and best embedding medium used for routine tissue processing

A

Paraffin

265
Q

How do you troubleshoot tissue shrinks away from wax when trimmed?

A

Repeat the whole procedure

266
Q

What is the first and most important step in any EM study?

A

Fixation

267
Q

Which of the following is the most commonly used to remove ethanol in the preparation of biological samples for electron microscopy?

A

Propylene oxide

268
Q

Staining is used for frozen biopsies

A

Progressive H and E

269
Q

Useful stain for encapsulated fungi

A

Mucicarmine

270
Q

Fixative of choice for lipid histochemistry

A

Formol-calcium

271
Q

A specialized surgical procedure used to determine the cause and manner of death

A

Autopsy

272
Q

A stain for Cystine and Cysteine

A

Acid-Alcian Blue

273
Q

The most widely used fluorochrome in the fluorescent staining for DNA and RNA is:

A

Acridine Orange

274
Q

Which of the following is the most widely used fluorochrome?

A

Fluorescein

275
Q

A definitive and the most sensitive technique for identifying DNA is?

A

in-situ hybridization

276
Q

hIghly sensitive marker for epithelial cells, and is present in epithelial tumors

A

Keratin

277
Q

frequently used as a control for the Fontana Masson stain

A

Skin

278
Q

The best screening marker for lymphoma is

A

CD 45

279
Q

Refers to a section that is known and proven to contain the antigen in question

A

Positive control

279
Q

Indirect method for identifying calcium in tissue

A

Von Kossa

279
Q

Demonstrates hematoidin pigment

A

Hall’s

279
Q

n immunohistochemistry, the optimal incubation time for most primary antibodies is ______ minutes at room temperature

A

20-30

279
Q

Which of the following types of microscope can be used for immunohistochemistry

A

Fluorescent
Electron
Light

279
Q

When assessing HER2 staining, a “faint barely perceptible membrane staining in more than 10% of tumor cells” is interpreted as:

A

1+

279
Q

When staining with diaminobenzidine, what is the color?

A

Tan

279
Q

Most important step in regressive hematoxylin staining

A

Differentiation in acid alcohol

279
Q

The primary material found in the teeth is

A

Calcite

279
Q

Microtome knives used for PARAFFIN sectioning are usually made of _____ steel

A

Carbon

280
Q

Which of the following is the material recommended for benchtop

A

Ceramic

281
Q

All patient slides and samples should be labeled with___

A

Patient name and accession number

HISTOPATHOLOGY (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions