RISK MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY

Question 1

The process of ensuring and maintaining personal as well as environmental health and safety in the laboratory.

Answer 1

Risk management

Question 2

First step of risk management

Answer 2

Identification of hazard in the workplace

Question 3

What to do with unidentifiable, questionable, old or obsolete reagents and chemicals

Answer 3

Set aside for disposal

Question 4

Proper way of handling toxic substances that generates aerosols

Answer 4

Use fume hoods or suitable containment devices

Question 5

Used to protect hands and forearms

Answer 5

Gloves and gown

Question 6

Is it allowed to eat in the laboratory?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Is it okay to wear sandals in the laboratory?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Is it okay to bring pets in the laboratory?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Is it okay to use phone in the laboratory?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Can you play music in the laboratory?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

How often does the emergency materials be checked?

Answer 11

Monthly

Question 12

Where to store combustible chemical materials?

Answer 12

Heat-resistant cabinets

Question 13

How to store acids and bases?

Answer 13

Store separately

Question 14

Proper way of tissue disposal

Answer 14

Stored in formalin and dispose by incineration or by putting them through a “tissue grinder”

Question 15

Used chemicals must not be released into soil, drains and waterways. True or false?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Main categories of hazards

Answer 16

Chemical
Physical
Biological

Question 17

Examples of chemical hazards

Answer 17

Cleaning agents
Disinfectants
Drugs
Anesthetic gases
Solvents
Paints
Compressed gases

Question 18

How to properly store explosive chemicals?

Answer 18

Never store after use

Question 19

Terms used to define the maximum allowable airborne concentration of a chemical to which a worker may be exposed.

Answer 19

Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)
Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)

Question 20

Proper labeling of chemicals includes information such as:

Answer 20

Chemical name and, if a mixture, names of all ingredients
Manufacturer’s name and address
Date purchased or made
Expiration date, if known
Hazard warnings and safety procedures

Question 21

Chemicals that cause reversible inflammatory effects at the site of contact with living tissue

Answer 21

Irritants

Question 22

Chemicals that can cause destruction or irreversible alterations when exposed to living tissue, or destroy certain inanimate surfaces

Answer 22

Corrosive chemicals

Question 23

Chemical that cause allergic reactions in some exposed workers, not just in hypersensitive individuals.

Answer 23

Sensitizers

Question 24

Substances that induce tumors

Answer 24

Carcinogens

Question 25

Examples of carcinogenic chemicals

Answer 25

Chloroform Chromic acid Formaldehyde Nickel chloride Potassium dichromate

Question 26

Examples of carcinogenic dyes

Answer 26

Auramine Basic fuchsin Any dye derived from benzidine Congo red Diaminobenzidine

Question 27

Substances capable of causing death by ingestion, skin contact or inhalation at certain specified concentrations.

Answer 27

Toxic materials

Question 28

Example of toxic materials

Answer 28

Methanol Chromic acid Osmium tetroxide Uranyl nitrate

Question 29

How to minimize hazards from accidental breakage of apparatus or spills of toxic substances in the fume hood

Answer 29

They should be stored in pans or trays made of polyethylene or other chemically resistant material.

Question 30

What to do with material that comes in contact with toxic substances

Answer 30

Dispose as toxic substances

Question 31

How to store volatile substances having high chronic toxicity

Answer 31

Store in ventilated storage area

Question 32

Any area used for storage of substances of high chronic toxicity must be maintained under negative pressure with respect to the surroundings. True or false?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

How to store dangerous liquids?

Answer 33

Store below countertop height Avoid storing chemicals above eye level

Question 34

Why is it that storage of chemicals above eye level must be avoided?

Answer 34

To minimize the risk of bodily exposure in case a bottle is dropped and broken.

Question 35

Is it okay to store flammable liquids in refrigerator or freezer?

Answer 35

No, unless suitable for explosive atmosphere

Question 36

How to store leftover flammable liquid

Answer 36

Dispose! Do not keep any leftover flammable liquid.

Question 37

Flammable liquids should be stored in

Answer 37

Cabinets and safety containers that are approved by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Question 38

More significant route of exposure from chemicals

Answer 38

Skin

Question 39

General rule of diluting acid

Answer 39

Always add acid into the water

Question 40

Hypochlorite solutions are classified as what type of chemical

Answer 40

Irritants and corrosives

Question 41

Is it okay to autoclave bleach solutions?

Answer 41

Not okay

Question 42

Why should we not combine chlorine solutions

Answer 42

Combining these chemicals could result in release of chlorine gas, which can cause nausea, eye irritation, tearing, headache, and shortness of breath.

Question 43

Substance used to produce substances with temperatures below -153°C (-243°F)

Answer 43

Cryogens

Question 44

Example of cryogens

Answer 44

Liquid nitrogen

Question 45

Can we handle cryogens with bare hands?

Answer 45

No

Question 46

How to properly dispose dry ice

Answer 46

Allow it to sublimate or evaporate to the atmosphere in a well-ventilated area where CO2 vapor cannot build up.

Question 47

Most obvious physical hazards

Answer 47

Slips and falls

Question 48

Indicator of improper posture when working

Answer 48

Pain

Question 49

Ideal sharp container

Answer 49

Puncture-resistant & leak proof containers

Question 50

When should we replace a sharp container

Answer 50

When 3/4 is full

Question 51

Why do we need to replace sharp containers when 3/4 is full?

Answer 51

To prevent overfilling

Question 52

Is it okay to remove the cover of of sharps container?

Answer 52

No

Question 53

Can we transfer the content of sharps container?

Answer 53

No

Question 54

Substances whose vapors will ignite at or above a certain temperature (or flash point) or in the presence of an ignition source.

Answer 54

Combustibles

Question 55

OSHA defines "flash point" as

Answer 55

100°F (38°C)

Question 56

Department of Transportation defines “flash point” as

Answer 56

141°F (or 60.5°C)

Question 57

Substances that have flash points below flash point temperature

Answer 57

Flammables

Question 58

Where do we need to place the infectious materials when dealing with laboratory fire

Answer 58

Placed into autoclaves, incubators, refrigerators, or freezers for containment.

Question 59

Types of electrical hazards

Answer 59

Electric shock Arc blasts Electrocution Fires and explosions

Question 60

Causes of electrical hazards

Answer 60

Faulty electrical equipment/instrumentation or wiring Damaged receptacles and connectors Unsafe work practices.

Question 61

Damaged electrical cords can lead to

Answer 61

Shocks or electrocution

Question 62

How to avoid electrical hazards

Answer 62

Equip all electrical power outlets with ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs)

Question 63

How to repair damages on extension cords

Answer 63

Discard! Never repair / shorten and install new plug

Question 64

What to do when you see a person being electrocuted

Answer 64

Do not touch them! Use non-conductive materials to pry them away from the contact

Question 65

Refers to anything that can cause disease in humans, regardless of their source.

Answer 65

Biological hazards

Question 66

Which is less infective, fresh or fixed specimen?

Answer 66

Fixed specimen

Question 67

Why does fixed specimen carry less risk?

Answer 67

Because infectious agents are deactivated by histological fixation

Question 68

Does complete alcohol penetration enough to kill prions?

Answer 68

No

Question 69

Infectious agents that cause spongiform encephalopathies

Answer 69

Prions

Question 70

Diseases caused by prions

Answer 70

Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (CJD) Kuru and scrapie Mad cow disease

Question 71

How to decontaminate tissue from patients with suspected CJD

Answer 71

Immerse the specimen in formalin for 48 hours, followed by treatment in concentrated formic acid for 1 hour, and additional formalin fixation for another 48 hours.

Question 72

Biological safety cabinet(s) must be certified within

Answer 72

Last 12 months of use.

Question 73

Amount of spill that can be safely handled by the immediate staff.

Answer 73

Small spills

Question 74

What to do if the amount of spilled material is limited to a few grams or milliliters

Answer 74

Simply wiped off with towel or sponge, while protecting the hands

Question 75

How to dispose towel or sponge used to wipe chemical spills?

Answer 75

Dispose to appropriate trash; do not put it into the general trash

Question 76

What to do when significant spills of dangerous materials occur?

Answer 76

All personnel should evacuate the room or immediate vicinity where the accidental spilled occurred, and first aid must be given to anyone who has gotten splashed or is feeling the effects of vapors.

Question 77

What to do when chemical spill is large?

Answer 77

Area must be sealed off and an experienced emergency response team must be called.

Question 78

Most common accidents requiring first aid

Answer 78

Ingestion Eye contact Extensive skin contact

Question 79

How long do we need to wash the affected area when accidental skin contact with hazardous chemicals occur?

Answer 79

15-30 minutes

Question 80

How to wash hazardous substance that is not readily water-soluble

Answer 80

Use soap with the water wash

Question 81

Distance between emergency eyewash station and working area

Answer 81

No more than 100 feet

Question 82

Recommend water temperature of emergency eyewash station

Answer 82

15-35°C

Question 83

Is it okay to use portable eyewash bottles?

Answer 83

No

Question 84

Why is it not recommended to use portable eyewash bottles?

Answer 84

They pour too little liquid and may become contaminated with microorganisms.

Question 85

Ergonomic risk factors

Answer 85

Awkward or sustained postures Highly repetitive movements Excessive force or strain Contact stresses Vibration

Question 86

Occur when body parts are positioned away from their neutral position.

Answer 86

Awkward posture

Question 87

Sustained contact between a body part and an external object.

Answer 87

Contact stress

Question 88

Period of time that a body part is exposed to an ergonomic risk factor.

Answer 88

Duration

Question 89

Repeated performance of motion that includes other ergonomic risk factors such as force and/or awkward posture.

Answer 89

Repetition

Question 90

Occur when a body part is held in a single position over a long period of time.

Answer 90

Static posture

Question 91

Interval of rest when using microscope

Answer 91

Every 15 minutes

Question 92

Interval of stretching when using microscope

Answer 92

30-60 minutes

Question 93

Harmless by themselves, they may present a serious fire risk when in contact with suitable substances.

Answer 93

Oxidizers

Question 94

Primary example of this hazard is picric acid

Answer 94

Explosives