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HISTOPATHOLOGY > FIXATIVES > Flashcards

FIXATIVES Flashcards

1
Q

Procedure adopted to kill, harden and preserve materials for microscopic study, by means of a FIXATIVE

A

FIXATION

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2
Q

Fats, mucin, glycogen

A

Formaldehyde (Formalin)

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3
Q

CNS tissues and general post-mortem tissues

A

10% Formol-Saline

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4
Q

Preservation and storage of surgical, post-mortem and research specimens.

A

10% Neutral Buffered Formalin

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5
Q

Best fixative for tissues containing iron pigments

A

10% Neutral Buffered Formalin

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6
Q

Routine post-mortem tissues

A

Formol-Corrosive (Formol-Sublimate)

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7
Q

Routine light microscopy, and also electron microscopy

A

Glutaraldehyde

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8
Q

MOST COMMON FIXATIVE

A

Mercuric Chloride

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9
Q

Renal tissue, connective tissue, muscle, and fibrin

A

Mercuric Chloride

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10
Q

Small pieces of liver, spleen, connective tissue fibers and nuclei

A

Zenker’s fluid

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11
Q

Pituitary gland, bone marrow, and blood containing organs such as spleen and liver

A

Helly’s solution (Zenker-Formol)

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12
Q

Tumor biopsies especially of the skin; it is an excellent cytologic fixative

A

Heidenhain’s Susa solution

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13
Q

Fixative and decalcifier

A

Chromic acid

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14
Q

Fixative of choice for carbohydrates

A

Chromic acid

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15
Q

Preserves lipids and mitochondria

A

Potassium Dichromate

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16
Q

Chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures, Golgi bodies, RBC and colloid-containing tissues. Hemosiderin

A

Regaud’s (Moller’s) fluid

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17
Q

Study of early degenerative processes and tissue necrosis

A

Orth’s fluid

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18
Q

Acid MPS, fixes connective tissue mucin

A

Lead Fixatives

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19
Q

Glycogen

A

Picric acid

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20
Q

Embryos

A

Bouin’s solution

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21
Q

Soft and delicate structures such as endometrial curretings

A

Bouin’s solution

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22
Q

Glycogen

A

Brasil’s solution

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23
Q

Nuclear components of the cell, fixes and precipitates nucleoproteins, chromosomes and chromatins

A

Glacial Acetic Acid

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24
Q

Blood and tissue smears; preserves glycogen, nucleoproteins and nucleic acids; used for enzyme studies

A

70-100% Ethyl alcohol

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25
MPS and nuclear proteins
Newcomer's fluid
26
Fixation time and temperature using Newcomer's fluid
12-18 hours; 18degCel
27
Fats, adrenal glands, myelin, peripheral glands, cytoplasmic structures
Osmium Tetroxide (Osmic Acid)
28
Fixative and weak decalcifying agent. Precipitates protein, softens dense fibrous tissues
TCA
29
Chromosomes, lymph glands and urgent biopsies
Carnoy's fluid
30
Most common chrome-osmium acetic acid fixative used; nuclear preservation
Flemming's solution
31
Fixative and stain
Osmium Tetroxide (Osmic Acid)
32
Cytoplasmic structures particularly the mitochondria
Flemming's solution without acetic acid
33
Composed of chromic acid and osmic acid
Flemming's solution without acetic acid
34
Study of water diffusible enzymes (phosphatases, lipases); fixes brain tissues for diagnosis of rabies
Acetone
35
Frozen tissue sections and bacteriologic smears
Heat Fixation
36
Most common type of fixatives
Aldehydes
37
Satisfactory for routine paraffin sections, electron microscopy, and when histochemical and enzyme studies are indicated
Aldehyde Fixatives
38
Simple fixatives
AMPOTAAAH Aldehyde Metallic fixatives Picric acid Osmiuim tetroxide TCA Acetic acid Acetone Alcohol Heat fixatives
39
Microanatomical fixatives
10 Filipino Hindi nag-ZZ mag Boat to Brasil 10% Formol saline 10% NBF Formol sublimate Heidenhain's susa Zenker's fluid Zenker's formol Bouin's Brasil
40
Nuclear fixatives
Flemming's New Car Has Balls Flemmings Newcomers Carnoy Heidenhain's susa Bouin's
41
Cytoplasmic fixatives
FOR Helly's Fleng Formalin with post chroming Orth's fluid Regaud's Helly's Flemming's fluid without acetic acid
42
Histochemical fixatives
10 FANAH 10% Formol saline Acetone Newcomer's Absolute ethanol
43
Process of placing an already fixed tissue in a second fixative in order
SECONDARY FIXATION
44
Purpose of Secondary Staining
To improve the demonstration of particular substances To make special staining techniques possible To ensure further and complete hardening and preservation of tissues
45
Secondary fixation where by a primarily fixed tissue is placed in aq. solution of 2.5-3% potassium dichromate for 24 hours
POST-CHROMATIZATION
46
Process of removing excess fixative from the tissue after fixation in order to improve staining and remove artifacts from the tissues; several solutions may be used
WASHING-OUT
47
Purpose of Post-Chromatization
To act as mordant for better staining effects To aid in cytologic preservation of tissue
48
Solutions are used to remove excess fixative from the tissue after fixation in order to improve staining and remove artefacts from the tissues
Tap water 50-70% alcohol Alcoholic iodine
49
Used to remove excess chromatin, formalin, and osmic acid
Tap water
50
Used to wash out excess picric acid
50-70% alcohol
51
Used to remove excess mercuric fixatives
Alcoholic iodine
52
Fixation is enhanced by:
Size and thickness of the tissue Agitation Moderate heat (37-56C)
53
Fixation is retarded by:
Size and thickness of the tissue Presence of mucus, fat, blood Cold temperature
54
Tissue:Fixative ratio
1:20
55
Special way of preserving tissues by rapid freezing (quenching) and removing water (dessication) by a physicaI process (vacuum drying apparatus)
Freeze-drying
56
Similar to freeze-drying but instead of being subjected to dehydration, is fixed in Rossman's fluid (sat. picric acid in 95% alcohol, formaldehyde), or osmium tetroxide in 1% acetone, and dehydrated in absolute alcohol or acetone
Freeze substitution
57
Requires that the tissue be maintained in the frozen solid state during cutting of section, thereby supporting and protecting the tissue from damage and distortion by the knife during cutting
Fresh frozen section
58
Principle of Freeze-drying
Rapid freezing of tissue block to produce instant cessation of cellular activity, preventing chemical alteration of tissue constituents and displacement of tissue components;
59
Why does the the process of freezing must be rapid?
Freezing must be rapid, within 2-3 seconds to prevent the formation of ice crystal artifacts in tissue blocks, and produce optimum tissue preservation
60
Freezing agent commonly used
Liquid nitrogen (-160 to -180°C)
61
Aldehyde Fixatives
Formaldehyde 10% Formol Saline 10% NBF Formol Sublimate Glutaraldehyde
62
Mercurial Fixatives
BeHHZ Zenker's fluid Helly's solution Heidenhain's Susa solution B-5 fixative
63
Chromate Fixatives
PORC Potassium dichromate Orth's fluid Regaud's fluid Chromic acid
64
Picric acid Fixatives
Gendre reveal ni BB sa Picric Bouin's solution Brasil's solution Gendre's
65
Alcohol Fixatives
Drink alcohol inside New Car 100% Methyl alcohol 70-100% Ethyl alcohol Carnoy's fluid Newcomer's fluid
66
Chrom-osmium fixatives
Flemming's solution Flemming's solution without acetic acid

HISTOPATHOLOGY (16 decks)

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