Dematiaceous Fungi Flashcards
(31 cards)
dark or black
melanized
Reverse of colony is dark or black (front may vary)
dematiaceous
Infection with black molds
phaeohyphomycosis
Chronic subcutaneous skin condition with cauliflower-like growths; always caused by dematiaceous fungi
chromomycosis/chromoblastomycosis
Chronic granulomatous infection; usually at site of inoculation; swollen tissue with draining sinus tracts (grainy discharge); invasive into the bone
mycetoma
Inflammation of the cornea of the eye caused by many different bacteria, yeast, molds, parasites,
keratitis
Mycetoma agent of infection by bacteria (gram positive bacilli); branching, filamentous
actinomycotic
Agent of mycetoma by fungi; often dematiaceous fungi (BLACK granules); less often non-dematiaceous (WHITE granules)
eumycotic
(“copper pennies”) in tissue diagnostic for chromoblastomycosis
medlar (or sclerotic or muriform) bodies
Most common organism that cause tinea nigra
Hortaea werneckii
Most common organism that causes black piedra
Piedraia hortae
Most common organism that causes chromoblastomycosis
Slow growing dematiaceous fungi:
- Fonsecaea
- Phialophora
- Cladophialophora
Most common organism that causes white grain mycetoma
Pseudallescheria boydii, Fusarium and others
Most common organism that causes black grain mycetoma
Exophiala and others
Most common organism that causes actinomycotic mycetoma
Partially Acid Fast: Nocardia, Rhodococcus and others
Nonacid-fast: Streptomyces, Actinomadura
Most common organism that causes cerebral phaeohyphomycosis
Cladophialophora bantiana (leading cause in immunoCOMPETENT individual) - Bacterial brain infections are MUCH more common
Clinical manifestations involved in tinea nigra
Dark patches on skin, usually palms of hands, soles of feet; can resemble malignant melanoma
Clinical manifestations involved in black piedra
Black nodules on hair (any body part)
Clinical manifestations involved in chromomycosis
cauliflower-like growths; Sclerotic bodies (“copper pennies”) in tissue
Clinical manifestations involved in mycetoma
Swollen tissue with draining sinus tracts (purulent, grainy discharge); sclerotia (also known as granules or grains)
Two dematiaceous fungi that are “rapid” growers
Curvularia and Alternaria
What is the criteria for slow growers and rapid growers?
Rapid: <7 days
Slow: may take weeks to grow (10-14 days)
How is man usually infected?
accidentally infected from traumatic injury, inhalation in immunocompromised people (usually involve lower extremities)
What is the gold standard for diagnosing Melanized (Dematiaceous) Fungi?
Culture
