Development of the Heart (Exam 2)

Question 1

What is the function of the post-natal CV system

Answer 1

deliver blood to lungs for oxygen and distribute oxygenated blood throughout body

Question 2

What is the function of embryonic/fetal cardovascular system

Answer 2

blood receives O2 from placenta, lungs are still developing

Question 3

How is the primary heart field formed

Answer 3

Cardiac progenitor cells migrate into splanchnic mesoderm

Question 4

Where do cardiac progenitor cells come from

Answer 4

epiblast

Question 5

Where do the cardiac progenitor cell migrate

Answer 5

cranial to oropharyngeal membrane

Question 6

How is the cardiagenic area formed

Answer 6

primary heart field cells form cardiac myoblasts and blood islands

Question 7

What induces the PHF cells to form cardiac myoblasts and blood islands

Answer 7

underlying endoderm

Question 8

How is the heart tube formed

Answer 8

embryonic folding brings heart tube into position in the thorax and causes fuse of PHF together

Question 9

How is the transverse pericardial sinus formed

Answer 9

breakdown of the dorsal mesentery that held the heart suspended

Question 10

What is the heart surrounded by

Answer 10

pericardial cavity

Question 11

How will the heart tube receive and expel blood

Answer 11

receives blood at the caudal end and expels blood from the rostral end

Question 12

What layer is the pericardial cavity associated with in the embryo

Answer 12

endoderm

Question 13

What are the layers of the heart tube

Answer 13

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

Question 14

Where does the endocardium come from

Answer 14

layer of endothelial cells that line inner aspect of the tube

Question 15

what is the myocardium

Answer 15

muscle, bulk of tube

Question 16

what is the epicardium

Answer 16

outer line, synonymous with visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 17

What are the parts of the heart tube

Answer 17

bulbis cordis
primordial ventricle
primordial atrium
sinus venous

Question 18

What are the parts of the bulbis cordis

Answer 18

truncus arteriosus
conus cordis
primitive right ventricle

Question 19

What is the bulbs cords associated with

Answer 19

outflow on cranial end

Question 20

What veins will drain into the sinus venosus

Answer 20

vitelline
umbillical
common cardinal vein
coronary sinus
sinus venarum
oblique vein of left atrium

Question 21

What is the sinus venarum

Answer 21

smooth region in the right atrium that receives blood from the vena cava and the coronary sinus

Question 22

Where is the sinus centrum found

Answer 22

in the posterior part of the right atrium

Question 23

When and why will the heart tube form a loop

Answer 23

4th week due to differential growth

Question 24

How does the heart tube form a loop

Answer 24

bulbis cordis moves anteriorly, inferiorly and to the right side

ventricle moves anteriorly, inferiorly and to the left side

atrium shifts posteriorly and superiorly

Question 25

What will the truncus arteriosis form

Answer 25

roots and proximal portions of the aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 26

What will the conus cordis form

Answer 26

outflow tracts of both ventricles

Question 27

What will the primitive right ventricle form

Answer 27

trabeculated part of the right ventricle

Question 28

What is dextrocardia

Answer 28

heart is on the right rather than the left

Question 29

What is situs inversus

Answer 29

everything is flipped as well in the body

Question 30

What will result from the incorporation of the right sinus horn into the right atrium

Answer 30

formation of IVC calve and coronary sinus valve

Question 31

What is crest terminalis

Answer 31

dividing line between the trabeculated part of the right atrium and sinus venarum

Question 32

What are endocardial cushions

Answer 32

thickenings of the sub-endocardium

Question 33

What is the function of endocardial cushions

Answer 33

formation of atrial and ventricular walls, AV canals and valves, aortic and pulmonary channels

Question 34

What is the role of endocardial cushions in the bulbous cordis

Answer 34

serve to partition the truncus

Question 35

Where do endocardial cushions in the bulbous come from

Answer 35

neural crest cells

Question 36

What is the role of endocardial cushions in the atria and ventricle

Answer 36

partition the atria, AV canals, and IV septum

Question 37

Where do endocardial cushions in the atria and ventricle come from

Answer 37

not NCC

Question 38

When will partitioning of the heart occur

Answer 38

day 27

Question 39

Where are endocardial cushions derived from

Answer 39

mesoderm

Question 40

What do endocardial cushions form in the atria

Answer 40

R and L atrioventricular canals

Question 41

What are conotruncal ridges

Answer 41

ridges in region of the conus cordis and truncus arteriosus

Question 42

What do conotruncal ridges do

Answer 42

separate the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 43

Where do conotruncal ridges come from

Answer 43

NCC

Question 44

What happens to the sinus venosum during week 5 of development

Answer 44

venous system remodels, shifts to right atrium | left horn regresses

Question 45

What does the left horn of the sinus venosum develop into

Answer 45

coronary sinus and oblique vein of the LA

Question 46

What does the right horn of the sinus venosum develop into

Answer 46

sinus venarum in wall of RA

Question 47

What is the function of the coronary sinus

Answer 47

drain the heart

Question 48

What are the 4 components of separation of the atria

Answer 48

septum primum septum secundum ostium primum ostium secundum

Question 49

What is the septum primum

Answer 49

descends towards endocardial cushions

Question 50

What is the ostium primum

Answer 50

allows shunt of oxygenated blood from R to L

Question 51

What is the ostium secundum

Answer 51

develops in septum primum

Question 52

What is the septum secundum

Answer 52

to the right of the septum primum

Question 53

What does the septum secundum create

Answer 53

foramen ovale

Question 54

What is the function of the ostium primum

Answer 54

allows blood to bypass pulmonary circulation