Development of the Urinary System (Exam 2) Flashcards
1
Q
What is the upper urinary system composed of
A
kidney
ureter
2
Q
What is the lower urinary system composed of
A
bladder
urethra
3
Q
What will mesoderm differentiate into
A
paraxial
intermediate
lateral plate
4
Q
What germ cell layer will give rise to the urinary and genital systems
A
intermediate mesoderm
5
Q
What embryonic layer will also give rise to the urinary and genital system
A
coelomic epithelium
6
Q
What does coelemic epithelium contribute to
A
CT of ducts
7
Q
What is the urogenital ridge
A
longitudinal elevation of intermediate mesoderm
8
Q
Where is the urogenital ridge located
A
lateral to somite
9
Q
What does the urogenital ridge differentiate into
A
nephrogenic cord
gonadal system
10
Q
What does the nephrogenic cord of the urogenital ridge give rise to
A
urinary system
11
Q
What does the gonadal system of the urogenital ridge give rise to
A
genital system
12
Q
Where is the urogenital ridge found
A
posterior body wall
13
Q
What are the 3 stages of kidneys
A
pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros
14
Q
What is the pronephros kidney
A
rudimentary and nonfunctional
15
Q
When is the pronephros kidney formed
A
Week 4 (lasts 1 week)
16
Q
What is the mesonephros kidney
A
embryonic kidney, functions for a short time
17
Q
When is the mesonephros kidney formed
A
week 4-8
18
Q
What is the metanephros kidney
A
permanent kidney
19
Q
When will pronephroi be formed
A
day 24
20
Q
What are pronephroi
A
tufts of intermediate mesoderm that will form tubules and open into duct
21
Q
What is the cloaca
A
common opening for excretory, digestive, and reproductive products
22
Q
Where will mesonephros empty
A
into the mesonephric duct that empties into the cloaca
23
Q
How are the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule formed
A
aorta forms glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule starts to form a long the posterior body wall
24
Q
Where will the mesonephric vesicle dump
A
mesonephric duct
25
What type of blood will be filtered by the embryonic kidney
amnitoic fluid since the placenta does the filterine
26
When is the pronephros seen
week 4
27
Where does the pronephros kidney form
in the cervical region
28
What is considered the embryonic kidney
mesonephros
29
Where does the mesonephros kidney form
in lumbar region and extends to the 9th rib
30
What are the tubules of the mesonephros
exretory tubules that acquire capillaries and form bowman's capsule
31
Where do the excretory tubules of the mesonephros connect
mesonephric duct
32
What causes the physiological herniation of the GI tract out of the abdomen during development
as gonads grow
33
What is the permanent kidney derived from
metanephric mesoderm
| ureteric bud
34
What is the ureteric bud
enlargement off the mesonephric duct
35
Where is the ureteric bud formed
in the sacral region
36
What does the mesonephric duct grow into
metanephric mesoderm
37
What is metanephric mesoderm
intermediate mesoderm in the sacral region
38
How are the major calyces and collecting ducts formed
ureteric bud dilates: renal pelvis
| and then splits into caudal and cranial portions to form major calyces
39
How are the collecting tubules within renal pyramids formed
ureteric bud continues to elongate
40
What does the ureteric bud give rise to
collecting system: ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, collecting tubules
41
What does the metanephric mesoderm give rise to
```
nephrons:
bowman's capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule
```
42
What type of tissue are the collecting tubules covered with
metanephric tissue
43
What causes the metanephric tissue to differentiate
collecting tubule
44
How does the blood supply to the kidney change with development
kidneys grow in sacrum and raise to abdomen; changes source of blood supply as moves superior
45
Describe how the position of the kidney hilum will change with development
initially anterior, but rotate medially
46
What does the cloaca divide into
urogenital sinus and anal canal
47
What structure is continuous with the allantois initially
urinary bladder
48
What is formed when the urinary bladder and allantois obliterate
median umbilical ligament
49
What forms the primordium of the permanent kidney
ureteric bud with metanephric blastema (mesoderm)
50
What part of the kidney is the blood processing unit
nephron
51
When does nephrogenesis occur
week 8
52
When will kidneys change position
weeks 6-9
53
What vertebral levels are the adult renal arteries found at
L1-L2
54
How does the appearance of fetal kidneys differ from adult kidneys
lobulated at birth but become smooth
55
What is the rudimentary bladder
cloaca
56
What does the urorectal septum divide
anal canal and urogenital sinus
57
What is the perineal body
wedge shaped muscle that serves as an anchor for the muscles, fascia, and ligaments of the pelvis
58
What is the perineal body a remnant of
urorectal septum
59
What is a persistent cloaca
rectum, vagina, and urethra drain into a common channel opening in the perineum
60
What are the 3 parts of the urogenital sinus
vesicle part
pelvic part
phallic part
61
What does the vescle part give rise to
urinary bladder
62
What does the pelvic part give rise to in males
membranous and prostatic urethra
63
What does the pelvic part give rise to in females
entire urethra
64
What does the phallic part give rise to in males
primordium of penis and spongy urethra
65
What does the phallic part give rise to in females
primordium of clitoris
66
What is the urachus
remnant of the allantois
67
What is the allantois
canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus that joins and runs within the umbilical cord
68
What is the median umbilical ligament
remnant of urachus
69
What are the different urachal anomalies
urachal fistula
urachal cyst
urachal sinus
70
What is a urachal fistula
urine dripping out of umbilicus
71
What is a urachal cyst
fluid inside
72
What is a urachal sinus
not complete communication between bladder and umbilicus, but things can get stuck and infected
73
What is the trigone
smooth triangular portion on dorsal bladder wall
74
What causes the trigone
incorporation of distal parts of the mesonephric ducts
75
Why is the trigone smooth
incorporation of mesonephric ducts into the wall
76
How does the prostate form
endodermal outgrowth from the urethra, surrounding mesenchyme forms the stroma and smooth muscle
77
What does the cortex of the suprarenal glands develop from
mesenchyme
78
What does the medulla of the suprarenal glands develop from
NCC
79
Describe the size difference of the adrenal glands in embryo vs adult
10-20x larger
80
What will result from abnormal increase in size of suprarenal cortex
increased androgen production= female is masculinized
81
What is WAGR syndrome
W Wilm's tumor
A aniridia
G genitourinary abnormalities, gonadoblastoma
R mental retardation
82
What is the cause of accessory renal arteries
results from ascent of kidney
83
What is the clinical correlation due to accessory renal arteries
obstruct ureter and cause hydroneprhosis
84
What is polycystic kidney
numerous cysts form on kidney and kidney becomes very large and renal failure occurs
85
What is the cause of renal agenesis
ureteric bud fails to reach the metanephric mesoderm
86
What is renal agenesis associated with
oligohydraminos
87
If renal agenesis is bilateral what occurs
incompatible with life
88
What is the cause of pelvic kidney
as kidney ascends towards the abdomen, they pass between the two umbilical arteries. Occasionally one gets blocked and remains in the pelvis
89
What causes a horseshoe kidney
metanephric mesoderm fuses while in the pelvis. Normal ascent is stopped due to inferior emsenteric artery
90
What is the clinical correlation of horseshoe kidney
susceptible to injury with abdominal trauma
| renal calculi and transition cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis
91
What causes a bifid ureter
ureteric bud divides prematurely
92
What is an ectopic ureter
ureter inserts anywhere but the bladder
93
What is megaloureter
enlarged ureter with no motility
94
What does megaloureter increase the risk of
infection
95
What is a psotcaval ureter
right ureter passes behind the IVC; can be obstructed
96
What is an obstructive genitourinary defect
stenosis or atresia of the urinary tract at any level
97
What is extrophy of the bladder
ventral body wall defect where the mucosa of the bladder is exposed to the exterior
98
What causes extrophy of the bladder
lack of mesodermal migration into the region between the genital tubercle and the umbilicus
