Devo Lecture 1 - terms Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Devo Lecture 1 - terms Deck (26)
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2
Q

Developmental biology

A

All encompassing term that includes all of life

3
Q

Embryology

A

Study of the beginning processes of development

4
Q

Growth

A

Increase in cell number (sometimes size)

5
Q

Differentiation

A

Cell becomes specialized (ie from stem cell to muscle cell or neural cell etc)

6
Q

Morphogenesis

A

Formations of organs and structures

7
Q

Totipotent, Pluripotent, Unipotent

A

Toti- : give rise to any cell type (embryonic stem cells); pluri- : several types (blood stem cells); uni- : only one type (lower skin layer)

8
Q

Determination

A

Cell’s commitment to a pathway (but not differentiated yet)

9
Q

Induction

A

One group of cells influences another in embryogenesis (ie between layers by means of signaling)

10
Q

Viviparity and oviparity

A

Aristotle: live birth and egg birth

11
Q

Scientists in early developmental bio

A

Aristotle, Da Vinci (observations), Spallazani (showed from eggs don’t develop without sperm), Wolff (primary germ layers), Malpighi, (first histologist)

12
Q

Epigenesis

A

All organs made anew in new organism

13
Q

Preformation

A

View that all organs are present from beginning but really small in gamete; spermists and ovists (beliefs where the humunculus is found)

14
Q

Ectoderm

A

Becomes epidermis and nerves

15
Q

Mesoderm

A

Becomes muscles, bones, gonads, kidneys, blood vessels and heart, connective tissues

16
Q

Endoderm

A

Becomes digestive organs and lungs

17
Q

Notochord

A

Most dorsal part of the mesoderm, divides left and right, leads to development of nervous system in ectoderm

18
Q

Ernst Hackel

A

Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny; animals go through a development that mimics evolution (ie humans go through fish and amphibian stages). Wrong!

19
Q

von Baer’s laws

A
  1. General features appear first (bulge in head, eye, tail); 2. General becomes less general to specialized (ie shape of head); 3. embryo does not go through stage similar to adult from another species; 4. all early embryos are similar
20
Q

Teratology

A

Study of malformations in development

21
Q

Falitamide

A

Drug to decrease nausea in pregnancy, which affects angiogenesis resulting in focalmelia (short arms in babies)

22
Q

Fate map

A

Which cells give rise to which, we can follow the divisions

23
Q

Stages of development

A

Gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, larval stages (amphibians), maturity, death

24
Q

Primary embyronic induction*

A

Spemann: ball of cells becomes and symmetrical bilateral organism

25
Q

Resurgence of developmental bio due to

A

Molecular techniques, cloning, stem cells, transgenics, genetics, etc.

26
Q

Phylotypic stage

A

Stage at which embryos from different species look most similar and have many similar genes expressed (“ancient” genes)

27
Q

Phylostratigraphy

A

Comparative evolutionary biology - comparing relative ages of genes