DHUB - week 10

Question 1

What are the lungs enclosed by?

Answer 1

Pleura

Question 2

How many layers does the pleura have?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

What is the function of the pleura?

Answer 3

Absorb frication as the lungs expand and contact

Question 4

The right lung has how many lobes?

Answer 4

3

Question 5

What are the lungs responsible for?

Answer 5

Gas exchange

Question 6

Structures and passageways that carry air during inhalation during quiet breathing

Answer 6

Nose –> nasal cavity –> pharynx –> larynx –> trachea –> bronchus –> bronchioles – alveoli

Question 7

How does the system prevent or limit the damage of surfaces in the alveoli?

Answer 7

structures in the upper respiratory system filter, warm, and humidify incoming air to protect the surface of the lower respiratory system

Question 8

External respiration

Answer 8

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and interstitial

Question 9

Internal respiration

Answer 9

between interstitial fluid and cells

Question 10

Cellular respiration

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

what term describes how oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the air, interstitial fluid and cells?

Answer 11

Gas exchange or respiration

Question 12

Ways the respiratory system defends itself against pathogens and particles

Answer 12

Filter Incoming air in upper resiratory system or nose or nasal cavity

Question 13

specific cell that plays a key role in defending the respiratory system and describe how it does this

Answer 13

Alveolar macrophage - phagocyte that engulf and destroys particles in alveioli
Ciliated columnar epithelial cell - cilia pushes mucus and trapped particles out of respiratory tract
Goblet cell or mucous cell - produces mucus that traps particles

Question 14

structure and function of the lungs

Answer 14

respiration, responsible for gas exchange, bringing oxygen into the bloodstream and removing carbon dioxide

Question 15

function of the pleura

Answer 15

facilitates smooth lung movement during breathing by allowing the layers to slide past each other.

Question 16

What passageways carry air during inhalation of quiet breathing

Answer 16

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles before reaching the alveoli in the lungs

Question 17

Transport mechanisms of oxygen

Answer 17

Convection and Diffusion

Question 18

Transport mechanism of carbon dioxide

Answer 18

By the blood through dissolved gas, bicarbonate, and carbaminohemoglobin

Question 19

How are odorants detected by the respiratory system?

Answer 19

olfaction. sensory neurons in the nasal cavity detect chemical signals into electrical impulses that the brain interprets as smells

Question 20

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 20

Alveoli

Question 21

Humoral/innate immunity

Answer 21

-B lymphocytes
-Antibody mediated
-B lymphocytes are activated to produce plasma cells which produce antibodies, extracellular threats before cell entry

Question 22

Cellular mediated immunity

Answer 22

-Cell-mediated
-Antigens inside cells render antibodies useless
-T lymphocytes (cytotoxic) destroy target cells

Question 23

structure of the pleura

Answer 23

two-layered membrane that surrounds the lungs, with a thin fluid-filled space in between. The outer layer lines the chest wall, while the inner layer covers the lungs