Life Sciences - week 9 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Name the four biomolecules on life?
Lips, Nucleic acids, carbohydrates and proteins
DNA uses the language of four nucleotides, what are they?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
How is genetic information stored?
DNA stores genetic information in the form of nucleotide sequences
What is a codon?
A three nucleotide sequence
What does a Codon encode for?
A specific amino acid which is the building block of proteins
How do phospholipids differ from a triglyceride?
Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids, while phospholipids replace one fatty acid with a phosphate group and an associated molecule, creating a polar “head” and nonpolar “tails”
What are the main classes of nucleic acids?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What are the nucleotides of DNA and RNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil
How does DNA store genetic information?
through specific base paring of nucleotides. which contain a sugar, a phosphate and one of the four bases
What are primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins?
Primary structure: Amino Acid sequence
Refers to the unique order of the amino acid in a polypeptide chain (straight line)
Secondary structure: a-helices and B-(pleated) sheets (not straight line)
Tertiary Structure: folding and packing
single polypeptide chain that can be arranged as a mixture of the various secondary structures, protein folding driven by hydrophobic exclusion of water (different shaped)
Quaternary Structure: Multiple polypeptide chain complexes
Association between two or more polypeptide chains forming proteins
Name the two types of nucleic acids and the monomer that they are made up of.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Describe the general structure of this monomer and the name given to the linkage between two monomer subunits
involves a central carbon atom bonded to other atoms or groups of atoms with glycosidic linkage
what base is only present in RNA?
Uracil
Where is Glycogen stored?
Liver and muscles
Nucleotides link together via what bond?
Phosphodiester bond to form polynucleotides (nucleic acid)
Different functions of protein?
Defence, Transport, Motion, Storage, Support
How many amino acids are there?
20 common amino acids
What are the monomers of DNA and RNA made up of?
A sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
