Digestion Flashcards
(19 cards)
Name the 7 components of a balanced diet
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Fibre
- Water
Balanced diet
A diet that included all nutrients in their correct proportion to maintain health and energy according to age sex and lifestyle.
Why are people malnourished?
People are malnourished if their diet does not provide adequate calories and nutrients for growth and maintenance, or if they are unable to fully utilise the food they eat due to illness
Why do people need different amounts of food ?
People need different amounts of energy depending on their age, size, gender, and how active they are. For example, someone who does a lot of exercise or has a physically demanding job will need more energy than someone who sits most of the day. Growing children and teenagers also need more energy to support their development
What is the food test for fats ?
Greasy spot on paper
What is the food test for sugar ?
Benedicts reagent turns from blue to red
What is the food test for starch ?
Iodine solution turns from orange to blue/black
What is the food test for protein ?
Biurets reagent turns from to blue purple
Digestion
breaking down large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules so it can be absorbed by the body.
Egestion
passing undigested food through the anus.
Ingestion
taking substances into the body through the mouth
Absorption
movement of digested food molecules from the wall of the intestine into the blood
What are enzymes
chemicals that digest food (biological catalyst)
What does amylase digest ?
Starch
What does protease digest ?
Protein
What does lipase digest ?
Fats
How does villi make absorption efficient ?
these are tiny finger-like shapes inside the small intestine, to increase
surface area = more space for nutrients to get absorbed.
How does mircovilli make absorption efficient ?
these are even smaller structures that sit on top of the villi. They add even more surface area, so even more nutrients can be absorbed quickly.
How does short diffusion distance make absorption efficient ?
the lining (wall) of the intestine is only one celll thick. So therefore nutrients don’t have to travel far to get into the blood, so they move fast.
