Digestive System

Question 1

What is the oral cavity, oropharynx and larygnpharynx covered by?

Answer 1

Stratified squamous epithelium which is not keratinised

Question 2

What is the nasal cavity and nasopharynx covered by?

Answer 2

Respiratory epithelium

Question 3

What are the four layers of the digestive tract?

Answer 3

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscular Externa and Serosa/Adventitia

Question 4

What are the three parts of the mucosa?

Answer 4

Epithelium (Sits on basal lamina), Lamina Propria (loose connective tissue) and Muscular muscosae (thin layer of smooth muscle)

Question 5

What is the submucosa?

Answer 5

Loose connective tissue

Question 6

What does the muscular external consists of?

Answer 6

Two thick layers of smooth muscle, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer

Question 7

What does the serosa/adventitia consist of?

Answer 7

Outer layer of connective tissue that suspends the digestive tract or attaches to other organs

Question 8

What is the epithelial change in the gastro-oesophageal junction?

Answer 8

Stratified squamous to simple columnar

Question 9

What are at the bottom of the gastric pits?

Answer 9

1-7 gastric glands

Question 10

What are the gastric pits lined by?

Answer 10

Surface mucous cells

Question 11

What cells are in the isthmus of the stomach?

Answer 11

Parietal cells

Question 12

What cells are in the neck of the stomach?

Answer 12

Mucous cells and parietal cells

Question 13

What cells are in the fundus of the stomach?

Answer 13

Chief cells and neuroendocrine cells

Question 14

What are the different regions of the stomach?

Answer 14

Cardia, body and pylorus

Question 15

What is in the cardia of the stomach?

Answer 15

Deep gastric puts that branch into loosely packed, tortuous glands

Question 16

What is in the body of the stomach?

Answer 16

Shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands

Question 17

What is in the pylorus of the stomach?

Answer 17

Deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands at a higher density than in the cardia.

Question 18

What is the function of the muscular external in the stomach?

Answer 18

Aids in churning action

Question 19

What is the inner circular layer of smooth muscle in the gasproduodenal junction markedly thickened by?

Answer 19

Pyloric spincter

Question 20

What is the shape of the small intestine?

Answer 20

Colied tube

Question 21

What are the segments of the small intestine?

Answer 21

Duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Question 22

How long are the duodenum, jejunum and ileum?

Answer 22

25cm, 2m and 2.75m

Question 23

Duodenum contains?

Answer 23

Brunner’s glands in the submucosa

Question 24

Jejunum consists?

Answer 24

Tallest villi located on the circular fold of he mucosa and submucosa, the place circulars.

Question 25

What is the ileum characterised by?

Answer 25

Shorter villi and aggregations of lymphoid follicles called Peyer's patches

Question 26

Where are the Payer's patches found?

Answer 26

In the submucosa and lamina propria of the ileum

Question 27

What are the cells of the small intestine?

Answer 27

Enterocytes, Goblet cells, Paneth cells, neuroendocrine cells and Stem cells

Question 28

What are the enterocytes of the small intestine?

Answer 28

Tall columnar cells with a brush border and are the principal absorptive cell

Question 29

Function of the goblet cells?

Answer 29

Produce mucin to protect epithelium and lubricate passage of material

Question 30

Where are the paneth cells of the intestine found?

Answer 30

The base of the cryptos Lieberkuhn

Question 31

What is the function of the paneth cells in the small intestine?

Answer 31

Defensive function

Question 32

What are the neuroendocrine cells in the small intestine?

Answer 32

Produce hormones that contribute to the control of secretion and motility

Question 33

Where are stem cells found in the small intestine?

Answer 33

The base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn and they divide to replenish the epithelium.

Question 34

What does the duodenum receive from the stomach?

Answer 34

Chyme

Question 35

What is the function of Brunner's glands?

Answer 35

Produce a thin, alkaline mucous to neutralise the chyme

Question 36

What tissue is found in the ileum?

Answer 36

Lymphoid tissue

Question 37

What are the two types of large intestine cells?

Answer 37

Absorptive cells and goblet cells

Question 38

Function of absorptive cells?

Answer 38

For removal of salts and water

Question 39

Function of goblet cells in large intestine?

Answer 39

Secretion of mucus to lubricate the colon

Question 40

Where are the three muscular strips found in the large intestine?

Answer 40

Teniae coli

Question 41

What is the appendix?

Answer 41

A blind ending hollow extension of the cecum

Question 42

What in the structure is different in the appendix?

Answer 42

Crypts are less abundant and there is a circular arrangement of lymphoid tissue in the submucosa and lamina propria

Question 43

The lymphoid tissue tends to...

Answer 43

Decline with age

Question 44

What is the junction between the mucosa o the rectum and the non keratinised squamous epithelium of the anal canal?

Answer 44

Rectoanal junction

Question 45

What is the anal canal continuous with?

Answer 45

The keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of the surrounding skin

Question 46

What is the nervous system called for the digestive tract?

Answer 46

The enteric nervous system

Question 47

Where does the ENS receive input form?

Answer 47

The ANS

Question 48

Where are the two plexuses of the interconnected network fibres?

Answer 48

Submucosa and between the muscle layers of the muscular externa

Question 49

What is the interconnected network of fibres called?

Answer 49

Myenteric plexus

Question 50

What is the function of the myoteric plexus?

Answer 50

Controls gut motility

Question 51

What is a group of neurons living outside the brain and spinal cord called?

Answer 51

Ganglion

Question 52

What is the second network of neurones found in the submucosa called?

Answer 52

The submucosal plexus

Question 53

What is the function of the submucosal plexus?

Answer 53

Controls muscles of the muscularis mucosa and also helps regulate secretion in the epithelium