Diphtheria Flashcards
(5 cards)
PRIMORDIAL
Target population: The general public
Objective : to prevent the onset of diseases and development of risk factor
Means: fliers. tv station, radio stations, government policies and community outreaches.
Method:
Diphiera is a serious Infectious caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria, this bacteria produces toxins that can cause serious damage to the body and even death
Mode of transmission: it is spread from person to person through respiratory droplets , Iike from coughing, sneezing. people can also get infected from touching open sores and Ulcers
RISK Tactors Include : overcrowding. unvaccinated people and people at risk are those in close or intimate contact with infected persons. those with low immunity.
Educate them on the signs and symptoms to look out for;
cough, catarrh, neck pain, painful swallowing, fever , Weakness
Educate them to avoid the risk factor. ensure timely vaccination, avoid especially, use of face mask when ill or around those with respiratory disease.
Primary level
Primary level of prevention :
Target population : general public
Oblective : prevent the onset of diseases
Means . government policies, social media, tv stations, riyers
outreaches
Method:
We will Inform them that we have vaccines available for this
disease and it is given in combination with other vaccines ( pentavalent vaccine, Dtap
We also have post exposure chemoprophylaxis : a single dose of intramuscular Benzathine penicillin G or a 7-10 days of oral erythromycin
Encourage the public to use personal protective equipment. avoid over crowding, practice frequent hand wash, have a good cough etiquette.
Secondary level
Target population: Sick individuals
Objective : Early diagnosis and prompt treatment
Method: history/ Isolate / examination/ investigation/ treatment
Detailed history
Isolate
Examination: fever, sore throat, headache, malaise, cervical lymphadenopathy , pseudomembrane formation , dyspnea.
Dysphagia , wheezing , hoarseness
Skin sores and ulcers
investgation. culture of the throat swap, full blood count, polymerase chain reaction test
Treatment : Penicillin or erythromycin
diphtheria antitoxins
Other supportive management: antipyretics. analgesics
Tertiary level of prevention
Target population: sick individuals
Objective : to limit damage and. complications
Method:
Manage or prevention complications : dehydration,
desaturation, myocarditis, acute kidney injury , aspiration pneumonia
We can use
Intravenous fluid Intravenous fluid for rehydration
Supplemental Oxygen or possible Intensive unit care and mechanical ventilation depending on the severity
Invite the infectious disease doctor, cardiologist, ENT / anestesiologist
Quaternary level of Prevention
Target population: convalescent or recovering individuals
Objective : Rehabilitation, restore function, and prevent over medicalization
Physiotherapy, vocational therapy, counsel the family members to provide social support
Ensure appropriate medication doses are used
Follow up with a specialist
