Ebola

Question 1

LEVELS OF PREVENTION for Ebola virus
5 LEVELS
LEVEL 1 & 2 (TOMM), LEVELS 3,4,5 (TOM)

Answer 1

Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quartenary

Question 2

PRIMODIAL PREVENTION (GENERAL HEALTH PROMOTION)

Answer 2

Target population: General public
Objective: Prevent onset of illness
Means: Social media, fliers, radio station, TV, religious and community leaders, medical outreaches etc
Method of prevention: Define, Mode of transmission (MOT)/ Risk factors,
Clinical features (CF), Prevention
I will educate the general public that Ebola virus is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus of the family Filoviridae.
МОТ:
-Through contact with infected persons via bodily fluid e.g urine, blood etc,
-Contact with infected animals
-Eating infected animals e.g bats, monkeys etc
Those at risk includes: Health workers, Morticians, Hunters, Having multiple sexual partners
Signs and symptoms: Muscle pain, nasal discharge, catarrh, headaches
Followed by: Abdominal pain with jaundice, confusion, breathlessness, chest pain, fever and abnormal bleeding from orifices.
Prevention:
-Promoting proper hygiene
-Hand washing
-Proper and professional cremation of infected corpse

-Adequate nutrition to enhance immunity
-Avoid bush burning and indiscriminate or unlicensed hunting
-Environmental sanitation

Question 3

PRIMARY PREVENTION (SPECIFIC PROPHYLAXIS)

Answer 3

Target population: General public with special attention to healthy individuals
Objective: Prevent onset of illness
Means: Social media, fliers, radio station, TV, religious and community leaders, medical outreaches etc
Method of prevention:-
Ebola vaccine: Zaire Ebola virus vaccine
Chemoprophylaxis: human anti Ebola virus antibody

Question 4

SECONDARY PREVENTION (EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PROMPT TREATMENT)

Answer 4

Target population: Sick individuals
Objective: Early diagnosis & prompt treatment
Method of prevention:
-Isolation of infected individuals
-Diagnosis:
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction rt-PCR
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Virus isolation and culture
-Treatment
Supportive management with intravenous fluids, analgesics, antipyretics, abort
seizures, give hematinics or blood transfusion in case anemia
Use of Ribavirin (mostly used in hemorrhagic diseases)

Question 5

TERTIARY PREVENTION (LIMITATION OF DISABILITY)

Answer 5

Target population: Sick individuals
Objective: Limit damage and prevent complications
Method of prevention:
-Treat adequately with skilled clinical care
-Provide emotional support (due to depression)
-Oxygen therapy if indicated

Question 6

QUARTENARY PREVENTION (REHABILITATION)

Answer 6

Target population: Recovering individuals
Objective: Restore function and capability, prevent overmedicalization
Method of prevention:
-Counsel patients on need to avoid sexual intercourse for 6 months following recovery.
-Counsel to complete their family size on time because it leads to infertility in about 10 - 15 years
-Vocational therapy
-Encourage relatives and community to breakdown prejudices to enable rehabilitation
- Avoid over dosing and unlicensed management practices