Menigitis

Question 1

Primordial level of prevention of meningitis

Answer 1

Primordial prevention
Target population: General public
Objective : To prevent the onset of disease
Means: radio stations. televisions. billboards. communitv
outreaches. government polices
Method:
Educate them that meningitis is an inflammation of the fluid
membrane surrounding the brain and the spinal cord. It could
be caused by bacteria, virus and fungi
Educate them on the risk factors : unvaccinated children, over
crowding, travel to meningitic belts e.g Sokoto, Katsina
prolonded use of steroids. immunosuporessive states e.a Hiv
diabetes, tuberculosis, unhealthy behaviors like self
intravenous drug abuse
Educate them on the symptoms to look of for; fever. headache
. neck pain. neck stiftness
Educate them to avoid risk factors. ensure prompt vaccination
of children and those at risk , prevent overcrowding, avoid
unhealthy behaviors like drinking alcohol , intravenous drug use
2)

Question 2

Primary Prevention

Answer 2

Target population: General public
Oblective: revent the onset of illness
Means : Government policies, social media…newspapers, bill boars, community outreaches
Method : (vaccines, chemoprophylaxis)
inform them that we have vaccines available such as
Meningococcal conjugate vaccines
Pnuemococcal conjugate vaccine
Hemophilius influenza tpe B vaccine
Ensure the children also get their measles, mumps and rubella
vaccine

We give chemoprophylaxis such as Rifampicin, Ciprofloxacin to household individuals in contact with infected persons.

Question 3

Secondary Prevention

Answer 3

Target Population: Sick individuals
Objective : Early diagnosis and Prompt treatment
Method: history, examination, investigation . treatment)
Take a good history from patient
Clinical examination: Photophobia, neck stiftness, headache, blurry vision. positive kerning sign. positive brudzinski sign
investigation”
Lumbar puncture, full blood count,blood culture
Treatment
Antipyretics - paracetamol
Analgesics
Antibiotics - vancomycin cetriaxone
Intravenous fluid rehydration

Question 4

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 4

Target population : Sick individuals
Objective : Limit damage and complications
Method :
Manage/prevent complications: deafness. seizures, cerebral edema, palsy , speech and learning disorders,hydrocephalus
Intravenous fluid rehydration
Anticonvulsants for seizures
Dexamethasone to prevent deafness
Mannitol to manage cerebra edema

Question 5

Quaternary Prevention

Answer 5

Target population : Recovering indiviauais
Objective: Rehabilitate , restore function and prevent
overmedicallzalon
Ensure the use or appropriate dose medications
Hearing aid for hearing loss
Shunts for hydrocephalus
speech and learning physiotherapy
Use of psychotherapy