Diseases

Question 1

what is a pathogen?

Answer 1

a microorganism that can be transmitted between hosts causing disease

Question 2

What types of pathogens are there?

Answer 2

Bacteria, Fungi, Virus, or Protists

Question 3

what is a communicable disease?

Answer 3

a disease that can be transmitted between hosts

Question 4

what produces antibodies and antitoxins against pathogens?

Answer 4

Lymphocytes

Question 5

Give an example of a virus that affects humans, and one that affects plants?

Answer 5

Humans : HIV, Measles

Plants : Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Question 6

Give an example of a bacteria that affects humans, and one that affects plants

Answer 6

Humans : Gonorrhoea, Salmonella

Plants : Erwinia

Question 7

What is the first line of defence against pathogens?

Answer 7

Skin

Question 8

what do white blood cells produce?

Answer 8

Lymphocytes and Phagocytes

Question 9

How do Viruses replicate?

Answer 9

1 the virus injects dna into the host cell
2 the host cell uses the viral dna to produce viral proteins
3 the viral dna replicates
4 new viruses are produced
5 the host cell is destroyed and viruses are released
6 the new viruses attack other cells

Question 10

How do macrophages/phagocytes fight pathogens?

Answer 10

Phagocytes ingest pathogens and destroy them via phagocytosis, or punch holes in the pathogen, causing it to lose integrity

Question 11

how do lymphocytes fight pathogens?

Answer 11

they produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins released by pathogens, or produce specific antibodies for specific antigens