DNA and Genetics

Question 1

What are the complementary base pairs of DNA?

Answer 1

A+T

C+G

Question 2

What are Chromosomes?

Answer 2

long molecules of coiled up DNA

Question 3

What shape is DNA?

Answer 3

Double Helix

Question 4

What are DNA strands made of?

Answer 4

Nucleotides

Question 5

Is DNA a monomer or a polymer?

Answer 5

Polymer

Question 6

What do the bases
A C G T
stand for?

Answer 6

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine

Question 7

What is a nucleotide made up of?

Answer 7

A phosphate, a sugar and a base

Question 8

What is the only part of the nucleotide that varies?

Answer 8

the base

Question 9

What is a polymer?

Answer 9

A long chain of Monomers

Question 10

What is a monomer?

Answer 10

A basic molecular unit

Question 11

What does DNA control?

Answer 11

The production of Proteins

Question 12

what is a gene?

Answer 12

a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein

Question 13

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 13

Amino acids

Question 14

Why does each protein have a different shape?

Answer 14

so each protein can have a different function

Question 15

What are the four stages of the cell cycle called?

Answer 15

Gap phase 1, synthesis, gap phase 2, mitosis

Question 16

How is DNA replicated during synthesis?

Answer 16

Free-floating nucleotides pair up with two individual strands of DNA

Question 17

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 17

an organism made from complex eukaryotic cells

Question 18

what is a prokaryote?

Answer 18

organisms that are simpler cells called prokaryotic cells

Question 19

what is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 19

a cell with a nucleus

Question 20

what is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 20

a cell without a nucleus

Question 21

what is an allele?

Answer 21

an allele is a variant form of 1 gene

Question 22

what is a phenotype?

Answer 22

physical expression of an organism resulting from an interaction with the gene and environment

Question 23

what is a genotype?

Answer 23

The genetic makeup of an organism/cell

Question 24

what does homozygous mean?

Answer 24

A gene that has two alleles that are the same

Question 25

what does heterozygous mean?

Answer 25

a gene that has two different alleles

Question 26

what is a dominant allele?

Answer 26

the allele that will be expressed in the phenotype

Question 27

what is a recessive allele?

Answer 27

The allele that is only expressed when they’re homozygous

Question 28

what are the human gametes?

Answer 28

Sperm cells (male) and Egg/Ovum cells (female)

Question 29

in gametes are the chromosomes single or paired?

Answer 29

single

Question 30

how many chromosomes does each gamete contain?

Answer 30

23 single chromosomes

Question 31

how are gametes made?

Answer 31

through meiosis

Question 32

what are the features of sexual reproduction?

Answer 32

the fusion of male and female gametes | the offspring receives genetic information from both parents

Question 33

what are the features of asexual reproduction?

Answer 33

``` does not involve gametes only one parent no mixing of genetic information genetically identical offspring produces clones ```