Human Nervous System Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the Central nervous system?
The part of the nervous system where information is processed, made up of the brain and spinal cord
What is the cerebral cortex?
The region of the brain associated with consciousness, memory and language
What is the cerebellum?
The region of the brain concerned with coordinating muscular activity and balance
What are the ciliary muscles?
The muscles that contract and relax to change the shape of the lens of the eye
What are the coordination centres?
The areas that receive and process information from receptors
What are the effectors?
The areas (usually muscles or glands) that bring about responses in the body
What is homeostasis?
The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function, in response to internal and external changes
What is hyperopia?
Long sightedness, where the rays of light from distant objects can be focused clearly on the retina but the light from close object are not focused and the objects appear blurred.
What is the medulla?
The region of the brain concerned with unconscious activities such as controlling the heart rate and breathing rate
What are the motor neurones?
The neutrons that carry impulses from the central nervous system to the effector organs
What is myopia?
Short sightedness, where the rays of light from close objects are brought into focus on the retina but distant objects appear blurred as the light is focused in front of the retina
What is a nerve?
A bundle of hundreds or even thousands of neurones
What are neurones?
Basic cells of the nervous system that carry minute electrical impulses around the body
What are receptors?
Cells that detect stimuli
What are reflex arcs?
They Bring about a reflex action. They involve the sense organ, sensory neurone, relay neurones and motor neurone
What are reflexes?
Rapid automatic responses of the nervous system that do not involve conscious thought
What are sensory neurones?
Neurones that carry impulses from the sensory organs to the central nervous system
What are stimuli?
Changes in the environment
What are the suspensory ligaments?
The ligaments that connect the lens of the eye to the ciliary muscles
what is normal human body temperature?
37°C
where is body temperature monitored and controlled?
in the thermoregulatory centre
how does the body reduce temperature if too hot?
sweats, releasing water which evaporated taking heat energy with it
flushing (vasodilation) meaning capillaries near the skin dilate so that heat can now transfer out of the blood
how does the body increase temperature if too cold?
Vasoconstriction prevents more blood from flowing through the capillaries so less heat is lost from the body
shivering, causing an increase in rate of respiration to increase heat created
reduction in sweating
what glands are there in the human body?
pancreas, ovaries(woman), testes(men), thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands
