Disorders of the Skin

Question 1

function of skin

Answer 1

protection

Question 2

epidermis

Answer 2

• outermost layer

- keratinocytes

Question 3

keratinocytes

Answer 3

specialized epithelial cells which make skin waterproof

Question 4

dermis

Answer 4

• middle layer
• responsible for skin strength
• ground substance
• blood vessels, lymphatic, hair follicles, and sweat glands

Question 5

hypodermis

Answer 5

• innermost layer

- fat for insulation

Question 6

prutitis

Answer 6

itchy

Question 7

exanthem

Answer 7

rash

Question 8

Varicella Zoster Virus

Answer 8

• chicken pox and shingles
• shingles cause itchy and painful rash
• lies dormant
• symptoms: painful vesicles

Question 9

wart

Answer 9

• viral
• etiology: many strands of HPV
• contagious via direct contact
• appearance varies depending on type of virus and location
• treatment: freeze, heat, or cut out
• risk: can come back
• common on feet and hands

Question 10

impetigo

Answer 10

• bacterial
• etiology: strep or staph
• spread by direct contact with secretions and spread with itching
• symptoms: fluid filled itchy vesicles on face, vesicles enlarge, rupture, then crust over
• treatment: cream or oral antibiotcs
• risk factor: compromised host

Question 11

dermatophytosis

Answer 11

• fungus metabolizing keratin

- skin, hair, and nails

Question 12

tinea

Answer 12

• ringworm
• contagious via contact
• thrives in warm, moist areas and injured skin more vulnerable
• symptoms: red, raised scaly, itchy lesions, patchy hair loss
• treatment: oral and antifunal
• hard to get rid of

Question 13

tinea corporis

Answer 13

circular lesions

Question 14

tinea unguium

Answer 14

discolored, thickened and softened nails

Question 15

tinea pedis

Answer 15

cracking, peeling skin on feet

Question 16

acne

Answer 16

• comedones (black/white head) basic lesion of acne

- multiple recurrent crops of pustules in face, neck, and back during puberty and early adulthood

Question 17

how does acne develop

Answer 17

• hair follicles and associated sebaceous gland ducts become plugged with lipid and keratin
• bacteria colonize
• blocked duct ruptures
• acute inflammation reaction

Question 18

treatment of acne

Answer 18

• topical or oral antbiotics
• topical or oral retinoid drugs (increase turnover of skin)
• steroids

Question 19

dermatitis

Answer 19

• inflammation of dermis

- generic term to describe variety of skin conditions characterized by inflammation

Question 20

what causes dermatitis

Answer 20

• atopic (eczema)
• contact with posion ivy or metals
• seborrheic
• urticaria (hives)
• psoriasis

Question 21

atopic dermatitis

Answer 21

• eczema
• multifactorial disease with genetic basis influenced by environmental factors
• severe itching but not contagious
• more common in children and people with allergies
• treatment: cream

Question 22

psoriasis

Answer 22

• chronic inflammatory disease of skin with multifactorial basis
• stress is a big factor
• thickedned areas of skin with silver-colored scales
• treatment: anti-inflammatory ointments, UVB lights, and systemic immunosuppresents

Question 23

disorders of depigmentation

Answer 23

• vitiligo

- albinism

Question 24

increase in pigmentation

Answer 24

• freckle

- lentigo

Question 25

freckle

Answer 25

increased sensitivity of melanocytes and have normal number

Question 26

lentigo

Answer 26

hyperplasia of melanocytes

Question 27

melanocytes nevi

Answer 27

- benign tumors of melanocytes - mole - caused by proliferation of melanocytes - common in fair skin - majority harmless, can become malignant

Question 28

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 28

- carcinoma in basal cells - occurs most frequently in sun exposed areas - rarely metastasize - pink growth, red patch, shiny bump, bleeding - needs to be removed because it can become unsightly and issues with normal function

Question 29

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 29

- proliferation of upper layers of skin - greater risk for metastisizing - symptoms: sore that doesn't heal and bleeds more - treatment: cut out

Question 30

melanoma

Answer 30

- most dangerous skin cancer - cancer of melanocytes - metastasize early - doesn't respond well ti chemo - occurs more common in areas of sun exposure - more common in children with blistering sun burns

Question 31

ABCDE

Answer 31

- asymmetry - border irregularity - color - diameter - evolution

Question 32

alopecia

Answer 32

abnormal hair loss

Question 33

alopecia areata

Answer 33

autoimmune disease resulting in patchy hair loss

Question 34

senescent alopecia

Answer 34

hair loss with age

Question 35

androgenic alopecia

Answer 35

- male pattern baldness - cause: - hormones - genetic predisposition - multifactorial genetic disease - amount of testosterone

Question 36

photoaging

Answer 36

- aging due to sun - fine and course wrinckles - sagging - telangectasia - rough skin texture - irregular hyperpigmentation

Question 37

what is the main cause of photoaging

Answer 37

ultra-violet rays

Question 38

types of UVR

Answer 38

UVA and UVB

Question 39

UVA

Answer 39

- longer wave lengths - penetrates deeper in dermis - promotes tanning - photoaging

Question 40

UVB

Answer 40

- epidermis and upper dermis - sunburn - DNA damage

Question 41

age-related changes in the dermis

Answer 41

- decreases number and function of fibroblasts - degradation of elastin and collagen - decreased density if cells and blood vessels

Question 42

type 1 burn

Answer 42

only affects the epidermis

Question 43

type 2 burn

Answer 43

affects the epidermis and dermis

Question 44

type 3 burn

Answer 44

- affects the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis - least painful because it destroys nerve ending - skin appears black and chalky

Question 45

what is the main concern with burns?

Answer 45

-fluid loss, dehydration, and infection