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Understanding Human Disease > Female Repro System Exam 4 > Flashcards

Female Repro System Exam 4 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

menorrhagia

A

heavy menstrual bleeding

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2
Q

metorrhagia

A

irregular menstrual bleeding

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3
Q

amennorrhea

A

absence of period for 3 consecutive months

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4
Q

dysmennorhea

A

painful periods

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5
Q

signs and symptoms of abnormal repro tract

A
  • amennorhea
  • metorrhagia
  • menorrhagia
  • vaginal discharge
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6
Q

infections of repro tract

A
  • STD
  • fungus
  • vaginitis
  • cervictits
  • salpingitis
  • PID
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7
Q

endometriosis

A

functioning endometrium outside of the uterus

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8
Q

signs and symptoms of endometriosis

A
  • pain in pelvic area
  • infertility
  • bleeding
  • adhesions of internal organs
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9
Q

complications of endometriosis

A

-infertility

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10
Q

most common cause of irregular uterine bleeding

A
  • follice fails to mature and no corpus luteum is formed meaning no progesterone is produced
  • causes anovolatory
  • uterus continues to make estrogen and sheds endometrium irregularly
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11
Q

other causes of irregular bleeding

A
  1. ) endometrial or cervical polyps
  2. ) uterine leiomyomas
  3. ) uterine carcinoma
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12
Q

uterine leiomyoma

A

-fibroids (benign tumors of myoma)

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13
Q

risk factors for uterine leiomyoma

A
  • age (30)
  • obesity
  • family history
  • african carribean descent
  • not having had children
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14
Q

signs and symptoms of uterine leiomyoma

A
  • bladder region: urinary frequency and dysuria
  • rectal region: anal-sphincter spasms
  • abdominal fullness
  • change in menstraution
  • irregular bleeding
  • dysmennorhea
  • pain
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15
Q

treament of uterine leiomyoma

A
  • no treatment if small
  • oral contraceptives
  • removal by surgery
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16
Q

causes of amenorrhea

A
  • hypothalamic, pituitary, or endocrine dysfunction
  • congenital or acquired abnormalities
  • extreme weight loss
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17
Q

consequences of amenorrhea

A
  • no pregnancy

- loss of bone mineral density

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18
Q

treatment for amenorrhea

A

oral hormones

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19
Q

types of dysmennorhea

A
  • primary

- secondary

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20
Q

primary dysmennorhea

A

-pelvic organ is normal

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21
Q

secondary dysmennorhea

A

-pelvic organ disease

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22
Q

etiology of dysmennorhea

A

prostaglandins cause cramping of the myometrium

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23
Q

what is the most common cancer of the female repro tract

A

endometrial carcinoma

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24
Q

endometrial carcinoma

A

cancer of the endometrium

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25
symptoms of endometrial cancer
-abnormal uterine bleeding
26
risk for endometrial cancer
- age - obesity - excess estrogen exposure (hormone replacement therapy)
27
treatment for endometrial cancer
- hysterectomy | - good prognosis
28
cervical polyps
benign tumors in cervical canal
29
characteristics of cervical polyps
- many asymptomatic - can lead to metrorrhagia - treatment is removal
30
cervical dysplasia
- abnormal growth if cervical squamous epithelium - range from mild to severe - severe is precancerous - pap smear screens for it
31
treatment of cervical dysplasia
- HPV | - multiple sex partners'-certain HLA genotypes
32
what is the progression of cervical cancer?
1. ) cervical dysplasia 2. ) cervical carcinoma in situ 3. ) invasive cervical carcinoma
33
risk factors for cervical cancer
HPV
34
vaginal cancer
rare
35
types of vaginal cancer
- squamous cell | - adenocarcinoma (cancer of glands)
36
signs and symptoms of vaginal cancer
- usually asymptomatic - found in routine gynecological exams - HPV is a risk factor
37
cause/contributers to ovarian cyst
- unknown cause | - could be from hypothydrodism or early age of menarche
38
signs and symptoms of ovarian cyst
- most asymptomatic - abdominal fullness - low back pain - nausea and vomitting - abnormal uterine bleeding
39
risk for ovarian cyst
twisting of the fallopian tubes shutting of blood supply
40
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
cysts in the ovaries
41
cause of PCOS
- follicles develop but no ovulation occurs after the LH surge - high LH levels persits
42
what occurs with PCOS due to high LH
- insulin resistance - hypothyrodism - dyslipemia - male pattern hair growth - more interference with ovulation
43
treatment for PCOS
no cure, treatment based on if you want kids - no kids: oral contraceptives - kids: fertility medications
44
ovarian cancer prognosis
- poor prognosis (25% 5 year survival rate) | - age assocaited
45
what is the leading cause of death among gynecological cancers?
ovarian cancer
46
symptoms of ovarian cancer
-not many symptoms (pain and abdominal fullness)
47
risk factors for ovarian cancer
1. ) BRCA 1 and 2 genes 2. ) Child/pregnancy: reduces risk 3. )lactation: reduces risk 4. ) oral contraceptives: reduce risk 5. ) hormone replacement therapy
48
Pelvic Inflammatory disease
-infection of the female repro tract that starts with a bacterial STD and isn't treated
49
symptoms of PID
- pain in lower abdomen - fever - unusual discharge
50
complication of PID
- scar tissue - infertility - ectopic pregnancy
51
menopause
women no longer gets their period
52
what occurs with menopause?
1. ) decreased ovarian function 2. ) low estrogen levels 3. ) less inhibition of pituitary which increases FHS and LH and causes hot flashes
53
risks during menopause
-increased risk for osteoporosis and atheroscelrosis due to low estrogen levels
54
natural family planning
- avoid intercourse at time of ovulation | - most likely to get pregnant during 9-14 days of menstruation
55
barrier method
- method that stops semen from entering vagina - condoms, cervical cap, or diaphgram - no side effects and effective
56
oral contraceptives
- stops ovulation | - side effects: increased risk for blood clot and hypertension
57
intrauterine contracpetive device (IUD)
prevents implantation
58
emergency contraceptive
- prevents pregnancy following unprotected sex or sexual assault - interferes with ovulation, tubal transport of ovum, and implantation
59
female etiology of infertility
1. ) hormonal imbalance 2. ) structural problem 3. ) eating/nutritonal disorder
60
lifestyle factors of infertility
1. ) emotional stress 2. ) obesity 3. ) malnutrition 4. ) alcohol 5. ) tobacco or drugs 6. ) cancer or cancer treamtnet 7. ) age
61
importance of placenta
1. ) secretes estreogen, progesterone, and human chprionic gonadotropin 2. ) exchanges gas and waste products from fetus through umbilical cord
62
spontanous aborptoin
- miscarriage - up tp 50% of pregnancies - usually occurs early on
63
causes for early abortion
1. ) chromosomal abnormalities 2. ) defective implantation 3. ) maldevelopment of fetus
64
causes for late abortion
1. ) detachment of placenta 2. ) obstruction of blood supply through cord 3. ) complication of DIC 4. ) cocaine use
65
what increases the risk for an obstruction of blood supply through cord?
multiples
66
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy that takes place outside of the uterus
67
etiology of ectopic pregnancy
-adhesions of fallopian tubes
68
signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy
- signs of pregnany - sharp pelvic pain - bleeding
69
predisposing risk factors for an ectopic pregnancy
- previous infection of fallopian tubes | - scarring from STD
70
consequences of an ectopic pregnancy
- rupturing of fallopian tube - bleeding from torn vessel - death
71
preeclampsia
- elevated blood pressure in mom during pregnancy - blood pressure of 140/90 - protein in urine
72
eclampsia
- extreme elevated blood pressure - blood pressure of 160/110 - protein in urine - predisposed to seizures
73
cause of pre/eclampisa
inadequate blood flow to placenta
74
complications of pre/eclampsia
- lack of blood flow to placenta - placenta abrupts/detaches - organ damage
75
placenta previa
placenta is attached to the lower half of uterus
76
complications of placenta previa
- vaginal bleeding - deadly to mom and baby - c- section

Understanding Human Disease (13 decks)

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