GI tract Exam 4

Question 1

malabsorption

Answer 1

failure to digest and or absorb food

Question 2

cause of malabsorption

Answer 2

disease that posess that impair enzymatic activity and absorption of nutrients across the gastrointenstinal epithelium

Question 3

lactose intolerance

Answer 3

-deficiency of lastase enzyme that normally breaks down lactose

Question 4

what occurs in the LI in lactose intolerance

Answer 4

dairy enters the LI and bacteria ferments it creating a build up of byproduct creating osmotic effect (bloating/gas)

Question 5

symptoms of lactose intolerance

Answer 5

• bloating
• diarrhea
• cramping

Question 6

celiac disease

Answer 6

autoimmune disease causing an allergy to gluten

-gluten causes immune system to attack villus of small intenstine

Question 7

symptoms of celiac disease

Answer 7

• stomach pain
• bloating
• gas
• fat in stool (floats and looks clay colored)
• weight loss
• malnutrition

Question 8

treatment of celiac disease

Answer 8

• gluten alternatives

- own cookware because they are very sensitive

Question 9

enterocolitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the small and large intestine

Question 10

cause of enterocolitis

Answer 10

-pathogen (virus and bacteria less common) causing diarrhea (3x day)

Question 11

what group does enterocolitis effect the most?

Answer 11

children, elderly and pregnant women

Question 12

wha causes death in children from enterocolitis

Answer 12

children die due to dehydration

Question 13

appendicitis

Answer 13

• inflammation of appendix

- most common in teens and young adults

Question 14

cause of appendicitis

Answer 14

-infection or obstruction

Question 15

symptoms of appendicitis

Answer 15

• pain in lower right quadrant
• nausea
• vomiting
• fever
• in serious cases: inflammation of abdominal cavity

Question 16

Types of Inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 16

crohns and ulcerative colitis

Question 17

crohns disease

Answer 17

• occurs in patchy/regional areas
• can affect anywhere from mouth to anus
• transmural: across the wall, entire wall of GI tract inflammed

Question 18

risk factors for crohns disease

Answer 18

• females
• whites
• smokers

Question 19

ulcerative colitis

Answer 19

-only affects colon and mucosa

Question 20

crohns disease vs ulcerative colitis

Answer 20

signs and symptoms are the same, however the areas and parts of GI tract affected are different

Question 21

characteristics of crohns and ulcerative colitis

Answer 21

• bloody diarrhea

- crampy abdominal pain

Question 22

what causes crohns and ulcerative colitis

Answer 22

-an inappropaite immune response (not an autoimmune disorder)

Question 23

what is the peak age for crohns and ulcerative colitis

Answer 23

15-30 years old

Question 24

diverticulosis

Answer 24

• small pouches that push out into weak spots of the colon wall
• almost always found in the sigmoid colon

Question 25

diverticulitis

Answer 25

if diverticulosis become inflammed

Question 26

complications of divertisulitis

Answer 26

- pain - bleeding - abscess - perforation

Question 27

peritonitis

Answer 27

inflammation of the peritoneum

Question 28

types of peritonitis

Answer 28

- infectious | - sterile

Question 29

infectious peritonitis

Answer 29

usually always due to bacteria from bowel due to perforation

Question 30

sterile peritonitis

Answer 30

inflammation not due to bacteria

Question 31

esophageal carcinoma

Answer 31

- tobacco and alcohol main risk - poor prognosis: 5 years - metastize early - most common symptom of dyspagia

Question 32

gastric carcinoma

Answer 32

- wordwide as deadly as lung cancer - asymptomatic until it spreads - 5 year survival rate

Question 33

risk factors for gastric carcinoma

Answer 33

- H. Pylori - Chronic gastritis - diet high in smoked, pickled, or salt-preserved foods - diet low in fruits and veggies

Question 34

colon cancer

Answer 34

-begins with polyps

Question 35

polyps

Answer 35

premalignant growth in lumen of colon

Question 36

treatment of colon cancer

Answer 36

- radiation - chemo - surgery

Question 37

risk factors for colon cancer

Answer 37

- age - family history - polyps - red meat - inflammatory bowel disease

Question 38

manifestations of colon cancer

Answer 38

- blood in stool - alterted bowel movements - iron deficency anemia

Question 39

diagnosis of colon cancer

Answer 39

requires histologic confirmation

Question 40

screening for colon cancer

Answer 40

1. ) occult blood test: 2. ) colonscopy 3. ) cologuard test

Question 41

occult blood test

Answer 41

- looks for hidden blood in stool | - not sensitive, but used over long periods of time

Question 42

cologuard test

Answer 42

detects genetic abnormalities in colonic epithelial cells shed in stool

Question 43

organ failure of GI tract

Answer 43

-failure of absorption can be tolerated for only several days