Male Repro System Exam 4

Question 1

hydrocele

Answer 1

excess fluid accumulation in the scrotum

Question 2

variocele

Answer 2

varicose veins in spermatid cord in scrotum

Question 3

crytorchidism

Answer 3

testes don’t descend normally

Question 4

inguinal hernia

Answer 4

hernia in the inguinal area

Question 5

urinary complaints

Answer 5

• frequency, urgency, continence, dysuria, and nocturia
• pain
• swelling
• sexual disorder concern

Question 6

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Answer 6

enlargement of prostate

Question 7

prostatitis

Answer 7

• inflammation of the prostate

- acute or chronic

Question 8

prostatic carcinoma

Answer 8

cancer of the prostate

Question 9

what causes acute prostatitis

Answer 9

spread of infection from bladder or urethra to prostate

Question 10

what causes chronic prostaitis

Answer 10

• mild inflammation
• common
• few symptoms

Question 11

signs and symptoms of prostatitis

Answer 11

• fever or chills
• urethral discharge
• dysuria
• malaise
• tender/enlarged prostate

Question 12

treatment for prostatitis

Answer 12

antibiotics and pain meds

Question 13

symptoms of BPH

Answer 13

• obstructs flow of urine (prostate squeezes urethra)
• urinary hesitancy
• frequent urination
• nocturia

Question 14

how is BPH diagnosed

Answer 14

digital rectal exam

Question 15

what causes BPH

Answer 15

• Dihydrostestosterone

- testosteroine is converted to DHT by 5-alpha reductase

Question 16

what is the treatment for BPH

Answer 16

reductase inhibitors or surgery

Question 17

characteristics of prostate cancer

Answer 17

• age associated

- most common cause of death from cancer in men over 75

Question 18

symptoms fo prostate cancer

Answer 18

• asymptomatic until it spreads
• weight loss
• back pain
• symptoms similar to BPH

Question 19

risk factors for prostate cancer

Answer 19

• dietary factors (high fat intake)
• hormones
• chronic inflammation
• family factors
• ethniticty (black more common and white

Question 20

diagnosis of prostate cancer

Answer 20

• digital rectal exam
• biopsy
• CT or ultrasound
• PSA for monitoring treatment

Question 21

outcome of prostate cancer

Answer 21

• variable
• aggressive or non aggressive
• some die “with” prostate cancer but really die of another cause
• cure rates are low

Question 22

tumors of testes

Answer 22

• rare
• most common in men 25-45
• majority of tumors occur in germ cells

Question 23

what is the strongest risk factor for a tumor in the testes?

Answer 23

cryptorchidism

Question 24

signs and symptoms of tumor in testes

Answer 24

• lump

- pain in scrotum or lower testes

Question 25

what occurs with cryptorchidism

Answer 25

-bad sperm production because testes remain in the abdominal region where it is hot

Question 26

treatment for cryptoorchidism

Answer 26

- time for testes to descend | - if don't descend then surgery

Question 27

complication of cryptorchidism

Answer 27

- testicular cancer - fertility issues - testicular torision - inguinal hernia

Question 28

testicular torsion

Answer 28

-twisting of spermatic cord due to rotation of testes

Question 29

why is a testicular torsion a medical emergency?

Answer 29

-it cuts off blood flow and testes can die within 6-12 hours

Question 30

what age group is a testicular torsion most common in

Answer 30

boys ages 12-16 because they are more active

Question 31

symptoms of a testicular torision

Answer 31

- acute onset of pain | - swelling of involved teste

Question 32

orchitis

Answer 32

inflammation of testes

Question 33

etiology of orchitis

Answer 33

- infection | - either mumps or STIs

Question 34

signs and symptoms of orchitis

Answer 34

- testicular pain - edema - fever/malaise - urethral discharge

Question 35

diagnosis of orchitis

Answer 35

- history of mumps - signs/symptoms - culture urethral discharge - ultrasound

Question 36

treatment of orchitis

Answer 36

- antibiotics - analgesis - cold compress - scrotal support

Question 37

what age group is most affected by hydrocele

Answer 37

babies and kids

Question 38

treatment for hydrocele

Answer 38

aspiration (take fluid out)

Question 39

etiology of varicocele

Answer 39

blood accumulates and makes veins twisted

Question 40

consequences of varicocele

Answer 40

- usually affects left side | - causes infertility

Question 41

Erectile Dysfunction

Answer 41

difficulty developing or maintaining a full erection in intercourse

Question 42

causes of ED

Answer 42

- stress, emotional factors, chronic disease - penile disease/trauma - low testosterone level

Question 43

treament for ED

Answer 43

phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Question 44

neural control of penile erection

Answer 44

1. ) parasympathic nerves release acetylcholine and nitric oxide (NO) 2. ) NO produces vasodilation 3. ) cGamp in inactivated by PDE-5 mediated cpncerion to GMP

Question 45

infertility

Answer 45

difficulty getting pregnant for 1 year when trying

Question 46

factors that may cause infertility in men

Answer 46

1. ) sperm deficiences in number of quaility 2. ) congenital abnormalities 3. ) endocrine imbalance 4. ) surgical intervention (testicular cancer or vasectomy) 5. ) infection or chronic inflammation

Question 47

function of leydig cells in testes

Answer 47

make testosterine

Question 48

function of sertoli cells in testes

Answer 48

help support sperm cells

Question 49

function of germ cells in testes

Answer 49

produce sperm cells

Question 50

Prostate Specific Antigen

Answer 50

- blood test - not specific - shouldn't be used for diagnosis, but can be used to maintain treatment

Question 51

why shouldn't PSA be used to diagnosis BPH or cancer?

Answer 51

PSA can be high in both BPH and cancer

Question 52

what are 3 most common STD's in men?

Answer 52

1. ) Gonnorhea 2. ) chlamydia 3. ) syphilis

Question 53

what two chronic disease might cause ED?

Answer 53

renal failure and diabetes mallitus