Liver and Pancreas Exam 4

Question 1

hepatitis

Answer 1

inflammation of liver

Question 2

cirrhosis

Answer 2

• liver failure due to scar tissue

- end-stage of chronic liver disease

Question 3

bilirubin

Answer 3

• heme converted into bilirubin

- bilirubin excreted into urine and stool (gives color)

Question 4

Cholelithiasis

Answer 4

gallstone in gallbladder or bilirary tree

Question 5

cholecystitis

Answer 5

inflammation of gallbladder

Question 6

Hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 6

• CNS disorder due to liver disease

- toxins build in blood and travel to brain

Question 7

steatorrhea

Answer 7

passage of smelly and greasy looking stool that floats in water

Question 8

steatohepatitis

Answer 8

fat accumulation in liver leading to inflammation

Question 9

jaundice

Answer 9

high level of bilirubin causes skins and eyes to appear yellow

Question 10

Hepatomegaly

Answer 10

swelling of liver

Question 11

liver function test

Answer 11

tests enzymes, albumin level, and clotting time

Question 12

what enzymes will leak into blood if hepatocytes are damaged?

Answer 12

1. ) asparate aminotransferase
2. ) alanine aminotrasnferase
3. ) alkaline phosphate

Question 13

characteristics of hepatisis A

Answer 13

• fecal-oral transmission
• no treatment (acute and self-limiting)
• acute
• vaccine present

Question 14

characteristics of hepatisis B

Answer 14

-transmitted via blood, body fluids, or shared needles
-acute or chronic, but chronic rare)
0vaccine available

Question 15

characteristics of hepatitis C

Answer 15

• spread via blood to blood
• 80% will become chronic (can lead to liver cancer or cirrhosis)
• no vaccine

Question 16

Characterisitcs of Hepatitis D

Answer 16

• needs hepatitis b for replication

- vaccine for HBV, so liklihood of getting HDV is rare

Question 17

Hepatitis E

Answer 17

• fecal oral transmission

- mild and self-limiting

Question 18

fatty liver disease

Answer 18

• fat accumulation in hepatocytes secondary to injury
• liver looks yellow
• impairs liver function, but reversible
• can lead to steatohepatitis

Question 19

what are the most common causes of fatty liver disease

Answer 19

obesity and alcohol

Question 20

bilirubin metabolism

Answer 20

hemoglobin to heme to bilirubin to being excreted out body

Question 21

types of gallstones

Answer 21

• cholesterol

- pigmented: bilirubin

Question 22

risk factors for gallstones

Answer 22

• age
• women
• obesity
• family history

Question 23

complications of gallstones

Answer 23

• Cholecystitis
• perforation
• infection
• gallbladder cancer
• pancreatitis

Question 24

cause of jaundice

Answer 24

• build up of bilirubin

- inflamed liver or obstructed bile duct

Question 25

primary liver cancer

Answer 25

cancer originated in the liver | -hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV)

Question 26

metastatic liver caner

Answer 26

cancer originated in another place and spread to the liver | -majority of liver cancers are metastatic

Question 27

function of pancreas

Answer 27

- Endocrine: islets of Langerhans cells produce insulin and glucagon - Exocrine: secrete digestive enzymes into pancreatic duct

Question 28

pancreatitis

Answer 28

- inflammation of pancreas | - associated with alcohol or gallstones

Question 29

symptoms of pancreatitis

Answer 29

- upper abdominal pain - anorexia - malabsorption - hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Question 30

Acute Pancreatitis

Answer 30

- reversible | - rapid onset of symptoms

Question 31

causes of acute pancreatitis

Answer 31

- chronic alcohol use | - gallstones

Question 32

Chronic Pancreatitis

Answer 32

- irreversible | - caused by repeated bouts of acute pancreatitis (alcohol or gallstones)

Question 33

what conditions cause chronic injury to pancrease?

Answer 33

1. ) cystic fibrosis 2. ) acute pancreatitis 3. ) repeated gallstones 4. ) obstruction of pancreatic duct by disease

Question 34

what occurs in chronic pancreatitis

Answer 34

-fibrosis (scar tissue) of pancreas

Question 35

symptoms of chronic pancreatitis

Answer 35

- malabsorption - steatorrhea - hemorrhage

Question 36

complications of chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 36

diabetes

Question 37

pancreatic cancer

Answer 37

- tumors in islet cells or pancreatic duct (more common) | - mostly occurring in the head of the pancreas

Question 38

prognosis of pancreatic cancer

Answer 38

- poor prognosis | - deadly because there is no screening test for it

Question 39

risk factors for pancreatic cancer

Answer 39

- black - age - overweight/obesity - smoking - pancreatitis - family history - heavy alcohol consumption

Question 40

Alcoholic Liver Disease

Answer 40

a group of structural and functional changes in the liver resulting from excessive alcohol consumption

Question 41

stages of progression in alcoholic liver disease

Answer 41

1. ) alcoholic fatty liver 2. ) alcoholic hepatitis 3. ) alcoholic cirrhosis

Question 42

function of liver

Answer 42

1. ) excrete bile into gallbladder 2. ) hepatic portal system: drains blood from GI organs 3. ) hepatocytes make albumin to maintain osmotic pressure

Question 43

liver sinusoids

Answer 43

special capillaries in the liver that are leaky

Question 44

kupffer cells

Answer 44

macrophages that stay permeant in the liver