DLA & Seed Science Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Max area of India that can be irrigated
A
60%
2
Q
Flowering portion of wheat is called?
A
Spike
Panicle for rice
3
Q
Global terresterial area under DLA?
A
41.3% approx
4
Q
Jackfruit, ber, pulses, millets are examples of crops in what kind of agriculture?
A
DLA
5
Q
Cumbu can be grown in what kind of land agriculture?
A
DLA
Cumbu = Pearl Millet/Bajra
6
Q
Annual rainfall in Dry Farming vs Dry Land Farming:
A
Dry <750mm
Dryland 750-1150 mm
7
Q
Annual rainfall in Rainfed farming?
A
1150+ mm
8
Q
Red Fed Farming refers to? It is practiced in?
A
Usage of red fescue grasses
To provide grazing for livestock.
In areas with little rainfall & poor soils
9
Q
Areas with low soil moisture, high evapotranspiration that results in water deficits throughout the year
A
DLA
10
Q
Primary goal of DLA?
A
Minimise water evaporation from soil
11
Q
Problems of DLA
A
Low soil moisture retention capacity
Poor groundwater
Low yield
Inadequate available nutrients in soil
12
Q
Advantage of aerobic rice cultivation
A
Saves irrigation water
Cost effective
13
Q
Disadvantages of Aerobic Rice Cultivation?
A
Problem of weeds
14
Q
Seed rate of aerobic rice
A
50 kg/ha
15
Q
Harvest of aerobic rice is after how many days?
A
120-160 days
16
Q
National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA) is located in?
A
Delhi
17
Q
ICAR-CRIDA Central Research Institute of DLA is located in?
A
Hyderabad
18
Q
International Water Management Agency (IWMA) is located in?
A
Colombo, Sri Lanka
19
Q
Centre of Excellence on DLA - CEDA, is located in?
A
China
20
Q
Central Arid Zone Research Institute - ICAR-CAZRI is located in?
A
Jodhpur
21
Q
Contribution of rainfed ariculture in India’s GDP?
A
60%
22
Q
Farmers in irrigated areas earn ___% of their income from agriculture and those in rainfed areas earn only ____% from agriculture.
A
60%
20-30%
23
Q
Share of farmers that rely on rainfed agriculture? Share of net sown area that is rainfed?
A
61%
54% net sown area
24
Q
Share of millet production and rice production in India?
A
Millet 89%
Rice 40%
25
Share of production of pulses in India?
88%
26
Workshop on "Promotion of Climate Resilient Crops/Varieties/Seeds (Climate Resilient/Climate Agriculture)" was hosted by who and where?
by NABARD
at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad
27
Direct seeding of rice under dry cultivation is called?
Aerobic Rice Cultivation
28
Why is it called "aerobic" rice cultivation?
Soil contains **oxygen throughout**
unlike in flooded conditions
29
Techniques to increase soil moisture in DLA?
Conservation tillage and
Moisture retaining mulching
30
A ripe, **fertilised ovule** containing plant embryo, enclosed in a seed coat
Seed
31
Basic input of agriculture?
Seed
32
Transfer of pollens from anther to stigma of a flower or different flowers
Pollination
33
Autogamy is? Examples are?
Self Pollination
Rice, Wheat, Oats, Barley, Pea, Lentils, Chillies
34
Types of Autogamy?
A->BCH
**Bisexual** - male and female **in same flower**
**Cleistogamy** - in unopened flower
**Homogamy** - **Same time of maturation** of anther & stigma
35
Allogamy is aka? examples are?
Cross Pollination
Corn, Rye, Sunflower, Safflower, watermelon, sugarcane, tea
36
Example of often cross pollinated plants
**CS-PT**
Cotton, Sorghum, Pigeon Pea, Tobacco
37
Separate male & female flowers in 1 plant
Monoecy
(ecy = home = 1 home)
38
Male & Female Flowers in different plants
Dioecy
39
Style and filaments are of **different lengths**
Heterostyly
40
**Barrier** between male & female organs
Herkogamy
41
Same flower transfers, even if it happens, won't fertilise
Self-incompatibility
42
Flower opens early to permit transfer of pollen grains to other flowers
Chasmogamy
(oppositie of Cleistogamy)
43
Isolation distance in self-pollinated crops
Less than 3m
44
Isolation Distance is less than 3m for which crops?
**Rice, wheat, oats, barley, peas**
Self-Pollinated Crops
45
International Seed Testing Agency (ISTA) is in? and was launched in?
Norway
1924
46
National Seed Corporation of India, is located in and was launched in?
Delhi
1963
47
Seed Act of India was held in?
1966
48
Seed Rules by ISTA was made in?
1968
49
New Liberalised Seed Policy of India was made in?
1988
50
National Seed Policy was made in?
2002
51
International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is located in?
Hyderabad
Focussed on chickpea, sorghum, groundnut, pearl millet, finger millet, pigeon pea
52
Classes of Seeds
**NBFC-T**
Nuclear
Breeder
Foundation
Certified
Truthfully Labelled
53
Who dominated the seed industry in the 1st 25 years till 1988, after independence?
the public sector
54
Initiative that led to the liberalisation of the seed sector in agriculture
Green Revolution 1965
National Seed Project 2002
New Policy on Seed Development
55
According to a research paper by ICAR (Manjunath et al) share of turnover by private sector in seed business is?
80%
56
According to a research paper by ICAR (Manjunath et al) seed production has ___ in a decade from 2001-11 with robust CAGR of ___
tripled
Compound Growth Rate - CAGR - of 15% pa
57
According to a research paper by ICAR (Manjunath et al) India's share in Global Seed Export is ___
<2%
58
A legally sanctioned system for quality control of seed multiplication and production
Seed Certification
59
Purity of NBFC Seeds?
N - 100%
B - 100%
F - 99.5%
C - 99%
60
How many generation of seeds are produced in India?
3
Breeder, Foundation, Certified
61
Tag colour of each class of seed
N - No tag colour
B - Golden Yellow Tag
F - White Tag
C - Blue tag
T - Opal Green Tag
Registered Seed - Purple
62
Wrt to seed certification, validity period shall be ____ months from date of test at the time of initial certification, which could be extended for ____ months, provided on retesting seeds conform to prescribed standards
9 months
6 months
63
Crops more suiable for DLA?
Millets, Lentils, Sunflowers
64
Example of Recalcitrant Seeds
Mango, Coconut
65
Seeds that cannot be stored for long periods like orthodox seeds and lose their viability
Recalcitrant Seeds
66
Seeds capacble of being dried to internal seed moisture of less than 12% and stored at freezing temperature
Orthodox Seeds
67
Example of Orthodox Seeds
Cashew, Guava, Grains, Legumes, limes
68
Optimum moisture content of Oilseeds?
7-9%
69
Optimum moisture content of cereals?
10-12%
70
Number of seeds to be produced from a single seed, when it is sown and harvested
Seed Multiplication Ratio
71
Physiological dormancy is caused due to?
Arrest in metabolic activity of the seed
72
Which plant has 100% seed replacement ratio?
BT Cotton
Cabbage
73
Process of removing plant variety other than the one grown
Rouging
| An imp technique followed from field to storage
74
Common cover crop in DLA to improve soil fertility, prevent weed growth, reduce soil moisture loss
Cowpea, Berseem, Mustard
75
Number of seeds planted/ha to ensure normal density of crops and maximum yield
Seed Rate
76
Important factors influencing lifespan of seed
Relative Humidity & Temperature
77
A characteristic moisture content developed in seeds when subjected to given level of atmospheric humidity
Equilibrium Moisture Content
78
A method that involves subjecting seeds to high temperature to break dormancy?
Heat Treatment
79
Method that involves exposing seeds to alternate periods of warm and cold temperature to break dormancy
Stratification
80
Method that involves weakening the seed coat by rubbing with sandpaper or using acid
Scarification
81
What is considered during seed quality testing
- Germination Rate
- Seed Moisture
- Seed Size
- physical purity of seeds
82
One of the essential & expensive req for hybrid seed production. ZnSO4, urea nd boric acid combination can be used as an economic option instead
GA3
83
Depth of ploughing related to?
Amount of rainfall
84
A deep tillage of _____ is necessary for deep rooted crops like pigeon pea and moderate tillage of _____ is necessary for maize
Deep tillage: 25-39 cm
Moderate tillage: 15-20 cm
85
Scientific name of Ragi or Finger Millet?
*Eleusine corcana*
86
Scientific Name of Bajra or Pearl Millet
*Pennisetum typhoides*
Or
*Pennisetum glaucum*
87
Scientific name of Foxtail or Navane
*Setaria italica*
88
Scientific name of Red Gram or Pigeon Pea?
*Cajanus cajan*
89
How many species of rice exist and how many are under cultivation?
24 species of Oryza
Only 2 are under cultivation
90
What are the 2 species of rice under cultivation? and where are they grown?
1. *O. sativa* - Most rice growing places
2. *O. glaberrima* - South Africa
91
Ragi, Groundnut, Sorghum are most suitable for cultivation in ____ Farming system
DLA
| Drought resistant crops
92
In DSR field needs to be weed free for how many days after sowing?
15-45 days
93
Aerobic rice are sown ___ cm btw rows and ___ cm within rows with ___ cm depth
20 cm btw rows and 15 cm within rows (20x15)
3-5 cm depth
94
In aerobic rice cultivation, water needs to be maintained at _____ level
Soil saturation level
95
Equipment for line sowing of sprouted paddy seeds in puddled field in metered holes.
Drum seeder
96
Farm Advisory through Mobiles - Green SIM is implemented by?
IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Ltd. (IKSL)
97
Indian Govt is planning to allocate Rs. 6k crore to promote precision farming in ___ acre land for 5 years from ____ - ____
15,000 acres of land
From 2024-25 to 2028-29
| Expected to benefit 60,000 farmers
98
GoI is collaborating with ____ & ____ to create 100 CoE for adv farming solutions in 5 yrs
Netherlands and Israel
99
____ is a mat nursery method that uses sheets or banana leaves that prevent the seedlings root from growing too deep, while ___ produces healthy seedlings that can be transplanted quickly and efficiently
Dapog
SRI
100
Dapog can be transplanted within? SRI can be transplanted within?
Dapog: 14-17 days
SRI: 10-15 days
