Seed Science Flashcards by Debangana Brahma

From which part of the ovule does the seed coat (testa) develop?

Integuments

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Criticial Irrigation Stage for wheat?

1st: 20-25 days after sowing
2nd: 40-45 days after sowing

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Phalaris minor and Avena fatua weeds resemble which crop?

wheat

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This crop has a toxic limit of HCN at 200 ppm. Concentration decreases after 20 days. To overcome, avoid feeding this before 50 days stage. Hay & silage are HCN free. Identify

Sorghum

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A fast growing, drought resistant tree, Native to india. Widely cultivated for its young seed pods & leaves. Used as a vegetable, for herbal medicine and water purification. Identify?

Moringa

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A mechanism promoting cross pollination where pistils mature before stamen

Protogyny

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Examples of Protogyny plants

Apple, Pear, Pearl Millet

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Examples of Protandry plants

Carrot (Daucus carota), Walnut (Juglans …), Maize

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Seed based disease of Wheat? It is caused by?

Loose smut
Ustilago tritici

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Grain smut, Green ear, Ergot are seed based diseases of?

Pearl Millet or Bajra

Pennisetum glaucum. GrSm is also for Sorghum

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Early Blight & leaf spot are diseases of which plant?

Tomato

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The generations of seed prodution, aka models of seed generation was given by?

Association of Official Seed Certifying Agency (AOSCA)

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Tag size of Breeder Seeds & Certified seeds?

B = 12 x 6 cm
C = 16 x 7.5 cm

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Tag Size of Foundation seeds and truthfully labelled seeds?

F = 15 x 7.5 cm
TL = 15 x 10 cm

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Production of a particular class of seed up to certified seed stage.
It depends on?

Rate of genetic deterioration
Seed multiplication ratio
Total seed demand

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Seed generation model for cross pollinated plants?

NBFC model

3 generations:
B+F+C

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Seed generation model for self-pollinated crops?

4 generations:
B+F(I)+F(II)+C

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Innate and induced are what kind of dormancy?

Secondary Dormancy
where,

Innate = hereditary, Induced = External (light, wind, etc)

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Endogenous and Exogenous are what kind of dormancy?

Primary Dormancy

Endo = Due to embryo, Exo = Due to seed coat

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Equipment to separate seeds based on weight/density?

Specific Gravity Separator

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Equipment to separate seeds based on Size?

Air screen cleaner cum grader

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Equipment to separate seeds based on Length?

Disc or indented cyinder separator

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Equipment to separate seeds based on Shape?

Spiral Separator
or Draper Separator

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Equipment to separate seeds based on Surface texture (rough/smooth)?

Roll mill / Dodder mill

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An imp machine in cleaning plants, uses screens and aspirations. Upper screen removed larger material and lower stops the seeds to let through finer matter. Cleaning is a process of gradually shifting out smaller particles.

Air screen cleaner

Dried seeds should be cleaned and graded with the help of?

Cleaner cum grader

Consists of a seies of discs. A very precise separator, only seed length and shape affects it, flexibility is obtained by varying the size of pockets. It is?

Disc Separator | R pocket for rice and V pocket for round grains

An equipment that uses a **combination of pocket size, centrifugal force, friction & gravity to make seed separations** possible. **Short seeds** are lifted out of the seed mass and **long seeds remain in the cylinder**.

Indented Cylinder separator

This separator classifies seed according to its shape and rolling ability. **based on roundness of seeds**

Spiral Separator

13th National Seed Congress was organised in?

Varanasi At International Rice Reserch Institute South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC)

Full form of SATHI Portal by MoAFW & NIC

Seed Authentication, Traceability & Holistic Inventory | Transparent Seed Certification

National organisation involved in Seed productions?

NSC, SSC and KVK

Indian Society of Seed Technology was established in?

1971 Pune, Maharashtra

Seed replacement rate of tomato?

99.3%

Seed relacement rate of brinjal?

63.4%

Seed multipication rate of potato?

1:4

Seed Multiplication rate of hybrid paddy?

1:100 | Also Sorghum & Watermelon

Crop that has the highest seed multiplication ratio among vegetables?

Brinjal

Most critical state for rouging in seed production?

Flowering stage

Centralised portal and mobile app for **seed traceability, authentication** and inventory designed to deal with the challenges of seed production, quality seed identification and seed certification.

SATHI

What is the theme of SATHI portal by MoAFW and NIC?

Uttam Beej - Samriddh Kisan

Seed rate (kg/ha) for paddy by: - broadcasting is? - Drilling is?

- 100-120 kg/ha - 70-90 kg/ha

Inter-row spacing and intra-row spacing of paddy?

Inter-row spacing: 20cm Intra-row spacing: 10-15 cm

Seed rate of paddy for? - Rainfed Lowlands - Aerobic Rice Cultivation

- Rainfed: 75-100 kg/ha - Aerobic rice: 5-6 kg/ha

Milling % of paddy is?

50-70%

Seed multiplication ratio of paddy?

1:80

Gluten and Amylose content is associated with which cereals

Gluten: **Wheat** - gives it a spongy, stretchy quality Amylose content: **Rice** - makes rice non-sticky on cooking

Amylose content in rice is?

15-37%

Seed rate for wheat in: Broadcasting? Seed Drills? Dibbling?

Broadcasting: 150 kg/ha Seed Drills: 100-125 kg/ha Dibbling: 25-30 kg/ha

Most critical stage for water in wheat and rice?

**Crown root initiation (20-25 days)** and the flowering stage (80-85 days) Rice: **Booting Stage**

Transition period between root and shoot development in wheat?

Crown Root Initiation Phase

The stage where the milky fluid in wheat grain harden is called?

Dough Stage

Tag colour of different seed generations - NBFC-T?

N - No colour B - Golden Yellow F - White C - Blue T - Green

Seed Village Programme was launched by MoAFW in?

2014-15

Seed Village programme is a key component of?

Sub-Mission on Seeds & Planting Material

Financial assistance in Seed Village programme for cereals & others?

Cereals: 50% of seed cost Others: 60% | others = pulses, oilseeds, fodder & green manure

National Seed Reserve is a part of which scheme?

Seed Village Programme (2014-15) | Beej Gram Yojana

* Set up under Multi-State Cooperative Society Act 2002. * Jointly promoted by AMUL / GCMMF, IFFCO, KRBHCO & NAFED?

NCEL (2023) | National Cooperative Exports Ltd

Bio fertilizer for rice is?

Azolla

**Scotch grass** or **buffalo grass** is aka? **Doob** is another name for?

Para grass Bermuda Grass

Scientific name of Makhana? | belongs to family?

*Euryale ferox* | Water Lily - *Nymphaeaceae*

Fox Nut & Gorgon Plant are the names of?

Makhana | grows through rhizome

Akiochi disease is due to the toxicity of?

Sulphur

Acc to UAS, drone based application of pesticide dec the use by ___% and inc cost efficiency by ___% | the University of Agricultural Sciences India

Use: 15% 23%

'Paddy, raw rice' storage moisture content?

14%

Storage moisture content of Parboiled rice?

15%

Storage moisture content of groundnut & mustard?

A system for tackling produce yield to climate change, utilizes AI/ML to detect pest infestation in crop issues, enabling timely intervention for healthier crops

National Pest Surveillance System

Traditional Indian agri science that utilizes biochemistry and Bhasma (ash) chemistry to promote improved plant growth

Vrikshayurveda | Lekharam Yadav frm Rajas: NPOPcertified org farming agrotourism -Rs17 cr

The process by which glocose is synthesized from **non-carbohy** precursors?

Gluconeogenesis

Branches that arise from basal nodes of the stem or crown in cereals & grasses

Tiller

National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management is in?

New Delhi

For optimal potato yields, recommended seed rate is?

2-2.5 tons /ha Or 20-25 quintals /ha | 15-18 tuber for smaller tubers