Intro to Agri 2 Flashcards by Debangana Brahma

What are the factors affecting Agriculture?

Environmental Factors: SBCPE
- Socio-economic factor
- Biotic Factor
- Climatic/Abiotic Factor
- Physiological Factor
- Edaphic Factor
Internal Factors
- Genetic Factors
- Hereditary

SCOPE - with a BC

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According to census 2011, % of small and marginal farmers?

Small & Marginal Farmers: 85%
Marginal: 67%
Small: 18%

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What are biotic factors?

Flora and Fauna

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What are the Climatic Conditions affecting agriculture?

HTP-SAW
Humidity, Temp, Precipitation
Solar Radiation, Atmospheric Gas, Wind Velocity

CLIMATE SAW through internet HTP

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Relative Humidity for crops?

40-60%

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Optimum Temperature for most agri crops

15-40 degree

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Minimum, Optimum, Maximum temp of Rice, Wheat, Maize and Sorghum

Rice, Wheat, Maize, Sorghum
Min: 10 , 4 , 8 , 12
Opt: 32 , 20 , 20 , 25
Max: 36 , 30 , 40 , 40

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What is cardinal temperature?

The Max, Min and optimum temperature of individual plants

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According to IMD, A rainy day is classified as?

2.5mm or more rainfall

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Average rainfall in India?

125cm
75% of it is received from June-Sept

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Amount of precipitation to classify an area as dry?

0-750mm

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Amount of precipitation to classify an area as receiving medium rainfall? Area receiving that rainfall in India

750-1150mm - Highest 42%
1150-2000mm

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Amount of precipitation to classify an area as receiving high rainfall?

> 2000 mm - 8% of total area

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What is Photoperiodism?

Response of plant to day length
LIGHT duration dependence

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What is Vernalisation?

Response of flowers to low temperature

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Plants that require <12 hrs of sunlight

Short Day Plant
Rice, Cotton, Sunflower

Kharif

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Plants that require >12 hours of sunlight?

Long Day Plant
Barley, Oat (avena sativa), Carrot, Cabbage

Rabi & Zaid

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Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR): Radiation at which photosynthesis takes place is?

400-700 nm or 0.4-0.7 meu meter

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Optimum Wind velocity for plants?

4-6km/hr

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Which 2 gasses are the most abundantly available in our atmosphere?

Nitrogen (78%)
Followed by Oxygen at 20.95%

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Amount of CO2 in our atmosphere?

0.03%

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What are some physiographic factors affecting agriculture?

Topography
Altitude
Steepness of slope

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Highest zone in a hilly area is?

Nival Zone

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What are Edaphic Factors?

Soil related factors affecting plant growth

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Range of Plant Available Water?

1/3 to -15 atm

Water going down due to gravity. Not available to plant's root

Gravitational Water

Amount of moisture retained by the soil after a few days of being wetted and drainage has ceased

Field Capacity or Capillary Water

Range of Field Capacity

-1/3 to -31 atm PWP at -15 atm

The water point in soil, when most plants start to wilt - they die

Permanent Wilting Point Beyond -15 bar

Water absorbed from atmosphere by soil particles that's unavailable to plants

Hygroscopic Beyond PWP

C:N ratio in Humus

10:1

% of Mineral, OM, Water, Air in soil

M = 45% OM = 5% W = 25% A = 25% | Maa Maati Manush in Bihar is MOMWA - 45, 5, 25, 25

Optimum pH range for plants to takeup nutrients

6.5-7.5

Which kind of soil has high Al, low Ca, low Mg and S

Acidic soil Can be treated with lime | HALS-Ca Acidic soil = **H**igh **A**l, **L**ow **S, Ca**

Which element is not affected by soil acidity?

Potassium

A land unit in terms of major climates, suitable for a certain range of crops and cultivars. Aimed at scientific management of regional resources to meet the food, fiber, fodder and fuel wood requirements without adversely affecting the status of natural resources and environment.

Agro-Climatic Zones

What are the parameters of Agro-climatic zones according to the Planning Commission?

**RTTC** Rainfall, Temperature Topography and Cropping

What are the parameters of Agro-climatic zones according to FAO?

RTTC & **LGP and Climate**

How many ACZ are there according to ICAR NARP?

128 zones

hich state has the highest and lowest ACZs according ICAR NARP?

MP - 12 Haryana - 2

How many ACZs are there according to the Planning Commission?

15 zones | 72 further subzones

How many ACZ are there as per NBSS & LUP ?

20 zones

The National Capital lies in which agroclimatic zone

**Trans Gangetic Plain** Delhi, Haryana, Punjab

The Planning Commission Zones are?

Broadly: 1 - Himalayan Region (EW) 2 - Gangetic Plains (UTML) 3 - Plateau Region (CEWS) 4 - Coastal Region (EW) 5 - Others (Is, WD)

Which ACZ is popular for Saffron and apple cultivation?

Western Himalayan Region

Which ACZ witnesses the practice of Shifting Agriculture?

Eastern Himalayan Region

Which ACZ area has the highest crop intensity?

Middle Gangetic Region HCI = 142%

Which ACZ has the Highest irrigation intensity and the Highest Net Sown Area (HNSA)?

Trans Gangetic Plain

Which ACZ under PC has the highest districts?

Eastern Plateau Region Central Plateau Region 57

Which ACZ has adopted Tank led irrigation and dryland farming at 81%?

Southern Plateau & Hills

Which ACZ has the least area but has the highest rainfall?

Island Region

Which ACZ is popular for Basmati production and using Canal and Tubewell irrigation?

Upper Gangetic Plains

Which ACZ is popular for cultivation of Boro Rice?

Lower Gangetic Plain & Middle Gangetic Plain

How many Agro Ecological Zones are there in India?

Which region in India has the richest alluvial with adequate water?

Northern Plains

A **yearly sequence** and **spatial arrangement** of crops and fallow on a given area

Cropping Pattern Influenced by demand, technology, size of land, rainfall, etc.

Minimising the gap between the growth of 1 crop in one season to another season's crop

Intensive Cropping

Moong and Maize grown together, is an example of which kind of cropping?

Parallel Cropping 0 competition

Maize + Green gram planted in a 1:1 row is an example of which kind of cropping?

Row Intercropping

Groundnut + Red Gram grown in rows of ratio 6:1 is an example of which kind of cropping?

Row Intercropping

For row intercropping, groundnut and red gram are sown in the ratio?

6:1

For strip intercropping, groundnut and red gram are sown in the ratio?

6:4

What is intensive cropping measured by?

cropping intensity

Multi-storied complex is aka

multi-tiered and multi-layered

A type of cropping where yield of both crops are higher than their pure culture

Synergetic Cropping Eg: Sugarcane +Potato

Hardy or thorny crops surrounding the main crop

Guard Crop Eg: Safflower, Mesta, Jowar

Sub-crops that supplement the yeild of the main crop

**Augmented Crop** Eg: Japanese mustard with berseem mustard helps berseem get better yield

A type of intercropping where there is no direct row arrangement between 2 or more crops

Mixed Intercropping Eg: Sorghum, pearl millet & cowpea - broadcasted

2 or more crops grown simultaneously where the 2nd crop is planted when the 1st crop has reached reproductive stage (not harvest)

Relay Intercropping

Growing 2 or more crops in a sequence in the same field. at different times.

Sequential Cropping Is of 3 types: Double, Triple, Quadruple Sequencing

Growing **rice in a field followed by cotton** in the same field in a year

Double cropping

Growing **Rice:Rice:cotton** in the same field, in a year is called?

Tripple cropping

Growing Tomato: Ridge Gourd: Amaranthus: Baby corn in a sequence in the same field in the same year

Quadruple Cropping

Cropping patterns on a farm and their interaction with farm resources?

Croping System

Types of Cropping System:

- Polyculture - Monoculture

Types of Polyculture:

**MM-SR** Multiple Cropping - Intercropping Mixed Cropping Sequencial Cropping Relay Cropping

Yearly sequence + Spacial Arrangement + Interaction + enterprise =?

Farming system CS + Enterprise (like Poultry/fisheries)

Crop + Fish + Mushroon is what kind of Farming System

Wetland Based Farming System

Crop + Dairy + Biogas + Mushroom + Sylviculture = ?

Garden-land Based Farming System

Crop +Goat + Agroforestry = ?

Dryl Land Based Farming System

What is Gross Cropped Area / Net Cropped Area?

Cropping Intensity Where GCA = Land usedin Kharif + Rabi NCA = Total arable land available

National Research Centre for Pomegrates?

Solapur

Indian Institute of **V**egetable Research?

Varanasi

WARDA in located in?

Ivory Coast West African Rice Development Association

International Institute of Rice Research?

Los Banos, Phillipines

ICRISAT is located in?

Pattancheru, Hyderabad International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics | 1972

Central Institute of Brackish Water?

Chennai | Has insurance product for shrimp farmers with OICL

Kharif Crop Classification is based on which season? What is its sowing period?

Monsoon sowing (June-July) October harvest Eg: Rice, maize, Sugarcane, Soybean, Groundnut, Caster, Red Gram, Jute, Cotton

Rabi Crop classification based on which season? What is its sowing period?

Winter sowing: Oct-Nov Harvest: March-April Eg: Wheat, Oats, Potato, Bengal Gram, Mustard

Zaid Crops classification is based on which season? What is it's sowing period?

Summer crops Feb-March Sowing Eg: Black Gram, cowpea, sesame, watermelon

Crops grown along farms roads or fences. To provide shade or protection to crops

**Avenue Crops** Eg: Pigeon Pea, Glyricidia, Sisal

A quick growing crop incidentally planned and harvested between 2 major crops. Planted in consecutive seasons as a contingency crop, grown if the major crop fails or to get more returns from land

Catch/Contingent crops

Crops are grown to supplement the yield of the main crop

Augment Crops Japanese mustard with Berseem, increases the yield of Japanese Mustard

Crops grown for grazing or harvesting for immediate or future feeding to livestock.

Ley Crops Alternate Farming | grass + legume mixture

Crops grown to conserve soil moisture through their ground covering foliage?

Mulch crops cowpea

Crop that helps reduce soil erosion. To cover the soil rather than be harvested

Cover crop Eg: Groundnut, chickpea, sweet potato, cowpea

Contingent crops are aka?

Catch crops or emergency crops

Central Rice Research Institute in located in?

Cuttack

Central institute of Cotton Research

Nagpur

Formation of thick cover of ice or snow the soil **preventing entry of oxygen** and the crop suffers leading to accumulation of harmful substances

Suffocation

*Arbuscular mycorrhiza* is the scientific name of?

Glomus

2 or more crops that are beneficial to each other in terms of pest control or pollination?

Companion Cropping Eg: wheat + arhar + groundnut

Intro to Agri 2 Flashcards

ACZ, Factors affecting crop growth and yield, cropping pattern & system