Soil Science 2 Flashcards by Debangana Brahma

What are the steps in Soil Erosion?

Detachment -> Transportation -> Deposition

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RULSE is used by researchers for?

Pan-India soil erosion estimate

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What are the factors considered in RULSE?

4 parameters:
1. Predicted crop loss
2. Rainfall
3. Soil erodibility
4. Land management practices

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Full form of RUSLE?

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation

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According to RULSE, what is the country’s biggest hotspot for soil erosion

Brahmaputra Valley

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According to RULSE which state is a hotspot for catastrophic erosion due to anthropogenic interventions

Odisha

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What is defined as catastrophic erosion?

over 100 tonnes of soil lost per ha

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What are the 3 main types of soil loss?

Wind
Water
Gravity (Geological)

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Saltation, Suspension & Creep is associated with which type of erosion?

Soil Erosion

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What are the different forms of water erosion?

HAAS
Hydraulic, Abrasion,
Attrition, Solution

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What are the different types of water erosion?

SSS-RGC
Splash, Sheet, Rill, Gully,
Coastal, Stream Bank

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Headquaters of National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning

Nagpur

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A mathematical model used to predict the long term average annual rate of soil erosion

Universal Soil Loss Equation

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Who introduced Universal Soil Loss Equation (ULSE)?

W. H. Wischmeier

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What is the USLE?

A = R x K x LS x C x P
A = Predicted Soil Loss, R = Rainfall & Runoff, K = Soil Erodibility, LS = Slope Length & Steepness, C = Crop Management, P = Support Practices (farming direction, strip cropping)

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Azotobacter, Beijerinka, Clostridium, Anabaena, Nostoc are examples of what kind of soil organism?

Free - Living

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Rhizobium, Frrankia, Anabaena Azollae are what kind of soil organism?

Symbiotic

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Azospirillum is what kind of soil organism?

Associative Symbiotic

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Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus circulansm Pseudomonas striata are examples of?

Solubilizing Biofertiliser (Bact)

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Psedomonas Flurescens is what kind of soil organism?

Plant Growth promoting

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Groundnut thrives best what kind of soil?

Sandy, loamy soil

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Using Beetels, Mites, Fungi, Bacteria, Wasps to stop other weeds and insects from damaging natural habitats and farms in an environmentally friendly way?

Bio-Control Agent

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What is aka a biodrainage crop? What is known as the golden crop in USA?

Eucalyptus
Maize

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As per the national GHG inventory, agriculture sector emits ____ MMT of CO2 equivalent, where Rice cultivation is the ____ largest source of GHG emissions in Indian Agriculture after enteric fermentation and fertiliser use

408 MMT
3rd highest

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Programs that promote commercial tree growing by farmers in their own land. It is the practice of forestry in all its aspects around farms or village landsintegrated with other farm operations

Farm Forestry

Practice of forestry in areas devoid of tree growth and other vegetationsituated in places away from conventional forest areas with the object of increasing the area under tree growth

Extension Forestry

Practice of forestry for raising fodder grass with scattered fodder trees and fuel wood trees on suitable wasteland, panchayat land and village common

Mixed Forestry

A belt of trees and or shrubs maintained for the purpose of shelter from wind, sun, snow drift, etc.

Shelterbelts

These are the plantations of fast growing species on linear strips of land

Linear Strip Plantations

Practice of forestry with the object of raising flowering trees and shrubs mainly to serve as recreation forests for the urban & rural population.

Recreation/Aesthetic Forestry

When is the UN World Soil Day?

5th December

When is the International Year of Soil?

2015

Global Soil Partnership was eatablished in? It was hosted by?

2012 FAO

Action Areas of Global Soil Partnership?

10 areas: * Awareness Raising * Soil Biodiversity * Capacity Building * Soil information * Soil Erosion * Soil Fertility * Soil Governance * Soil Pollution * Soil Salinity * Soil Organic Carbon

SDG related to soil health? Target of World Soil Charter 1982 is?

**SDG 15** Maintain atleast **50% of soil health by 2030**

India ranks ____ in fertiliser production, ____ in nitrogen fertilizer and ____bin phosphate fertiliser

3rd 2nd 3rd

A fertiliser that supplies only 1 nutrient at a time is known as? Give an example?

Straight Fertiliser Urea

Complex fertilizers are also known as? What are they?

High Analysis Fertilizer Containing at least 2 or more of the primary nutrients essential (N,P,K)

Complete Fertilizers are aka? What are they?

**Ternary Fertilizer** 3+ primary nutrients supplied

What are Incomplete Complex Fertilizers? They are aka?

A fertiliser lacking any one of he major 3 Primary nutrients Binary Fertilizer

Example of Binary Fertilizer and incomplete complex fertilizer?

Nitrophosphate Diammonium Phosphate

What are primary nutrients?

N, P, K

What are Secondary Nutrients?

Ca, Mg, S

What are the micro nutrients?

B, Cl, Cu, Fe Mn, Mo, Ni Zn

3 types of phosphatic acid?

1. Water soluble 2. Citric Acid 3. Insoluble in both

Examples of Water Soluble Phosphatic Fertilizers

SSP, DSP, TSP

Examples of Citric Acid Soluble Phosphatic Acid?

Slag, Dicalcium Phosphate

Insoluble Phosphatic Fertilizers example?

Rock Phosphate Bone Meal

Which Fertilizers are slow releasing?

Nitrogenous Fertilizers

What kind of fertilizers become essential for oil seed crops other than primary nutrients fertilizers?

Secondary nutrient - S Fertilizer

Borax formula?

Na2B4O7 | A micro nutrient fertilizer

Urea formula?

NH2CONH2

What kind of fertilizers are Urea & CAN | NH2CONH2 & Calcium Cyanamide

Amide Fertilizers

Urea contains how much N? and CAN contains how much N?

Urea: 46% N CAN: 21% N

CAN is also known as?

Kisan Khad

Fertiliser with highest % of Nitrogen is?

Anhydrous ammonium | at 82%

Prilled Urea, Neem Coated Urea & Urea Formaldehyde are examples of?

Slow releasing Fertilizers

Share of phosphorus in SSP

16-18%

Share of Phosphorus in DSP?

32%

Share of Phosphorus in TSP?

46-48%

Share of Potash in MOP

60-62%

Formula of Dolomite & Gypsym

CaCO3MgCO3 CaSO4

CAN fertilizers are beneficial to ____ soils as it has ____ Ph values

Acidic soil Netral pH values

Companies can claim fertilizer subsidy through which portal?

e-Urvarak Platform

Which Fertilizer falls under controlled fertilizer in India?

Urea

Non-Urea based Fertilizers are regulated under?

Nutrient Based Subsidy Scheme (2010)

Nutrients covered in NBS scheme? Kand their source fertilizer)

N -> Urea P -> DAP K -> MOP

Nutrient Based Subsidy Scheme was launched in? by?

April 2010 Mo Chemical & fertiliser

P&K fertilisers are implemented under scheme ____. Here, a fixed amt of subsidy is decided depending on their nutrient content. | P&K sector is decontrolled - companies free to prod/imp on market forces

NBS scheme (2010)

GoI issued Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) under Essential Commodities Act of?

1957

Policy on Neem Coated urea came in?

2015

Acc to New Urea Policy 2015, minimum how much urea need to be neem coated?

75%

Ideal N:P:K ratio

4:2:1

particle size of nano urea?

20-50 nm

Share of N in nano urea?

How many nano urea plants are there in India? Where are they located?

3 1 in Kallol, Gujarat 2 in UP

Who created nano-urea?

IIFCO

Nano urea supplies nitrogen in which form?

Foliar application

Nano urea enhances crop productivity to?

Which institute developed Nano urea gold?

Rashtriya Chemical & Fertilizer

PM Kisan Samrudhi Kendra is by which ministry? When was it launched?

Department of Fertilizer Aug 2022

Soils that are high in potash but low in nitrogen?

Arid soils

Example of ternary or complete fertilizer?

Ammonium potassium phosphate

Rapid absorption occurs for which fertiliser in foliar application?

Urea nitrogen Potassium Zinc

One nation one fertilizer scheme was introduced in?

2022

One nation one fertilizer (ONOF) brand?

BHARAT

Urea gold is name for?

Sulphur coated urea | Slow release fertiliser

Price of liquid nano urea?

Rs. 240 No subsidy

Liquid nano urea is sprayed how?

Directly on the leaves (Foliar application)

Efficiency of conventional urea and liquid nano urea?

Urea: 25% Liquid nano urea: 85-90%

C:N:P:S ratio of Indian soil?

144: 10: 1.4: 1.8

Which soil has a dark coloured surface horizon and are quite fertile

Mollisols (Grassland)

2nd largest groups of soil after inceptisol?

Entisol 14%

Fertilisers that provide N, P or K to the soil? Fertilisers that provide Ca, Mg or S to soil?

Primary Fertiliser Secondary Fertiliser | Micronutrient: Fe, Zn, Bo, Cl, etc

Non leguminous perennial forages?

* Napier (elephant/Uganda) * Guinea grass * Setaria grass * Para grass (scotch/buffalo)

Which Fertiliser is highly soluble in water? Its formula?

DAP (NH4)2HPO4

Group of contiguous similar pedons bounded on all sides by "not-soil" or by pedons of unlike characters is called? They have a max and min area of?

Polypedon Min: > 1 km2 | to undefined max area

____ is the precursor to soil upon which active & passive forces act leading to soil formation.

Regolith | It takes 200-400 yrs to form 1cm of soil

What is the Dokuchaev soil equation?

s = f(cl, o, p)t * cl = climate * o = organisms * p = parent material * r = time

Removal of bases from soil is?

Decalcification

Soil Porosity is determined by?

1-Bulk Density / PD