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POD Exam 1 > Drugs and Receptors > Flashcards

Drugs and Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

define drug

A

any chemical agent that effects processes in living organsisms

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2
Q

how do most drugs act

A

stimulation or suppression of biochemical or physiological pathways

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3
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

what the biological system ( body) does to the drug

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4
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

what the drug does to the biological system ( body)

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5
Q

Therapeutics

A

use of drugs in treatment of diseases

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6
Q

at what levels of the body can drugs impact

A

molecule
cell
tissue
system

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7
Q

what is the primary mechanism of action of most drugs

A

interaction with receptors

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8
Q

define receptor

A

functional macromolecule to which the drug binds to produce or inhibit biological response

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9
Q

many drugs do not create an effect in the body but do what instead

A

modulate intrinsic physiological functions

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10
Q

affinity

A

tendency of drug to bind to receptor

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11
Q

intrinsic activity

A

ability of drug to initiate cellular response

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12
Q

agonist

A

binds to and stimulates receptor

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13
Q

antagonist

A

binds to but does not stimulate receptor

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14
Q

partial agonist

A

agents that are only partly as effective as agonists no matter the amount employed

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15
Q

inverse agonist

A

agents that stabilize the receptor in its inactive conformation are termed inverse agonsts

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16
Q

signal tranduction

A

process by which receptor binding initiates a cascade of biochemical events that lead to a physiological reponse

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17
Q

what are 3 things receptors determine

A
  1. quantitative drug use
  2. selectivity of drug
  3. mediate actions of pharmacological antogonists
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18
Q

what is key in the receptor for drug-receptor interactions

A

structure

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19
Q

structure of receptor affects what

A

affinity

receptor selectivity

20
Q

chemical functional groups of receptors control what

A

drug affinity

intrinsic activity

21
Q

how are receptors classified

A

effects and potencies of selective agonists/antagonists

22
Q

what are 2 domains in physiological receptors

A

ligand-binding

effector-domain

23
Q

how does ligand binding work

A

domain are selective

competition for binding spot

24
Q

how does effector domains work

A

interact with signal transduction pathways and second messengers

25
Q

name 3 receptors as enyzmes

A

protein kinase
protein kinase associated-protein
Guanylyl Cylcase

26
Q

what attaches to protein kinsases

A

insulin, growth hromones

27
Q

what binds protein-kinase associated proteins

A

cytokines

28
Q

what binds guanylyl cylcase

A

atrial natriuertic peptides

29
Q

ligand-gated ion channels alter what

A

cell membrane electrochemical potential

cellular composition

30
Q

what usually binds ligand-gated channels

A

glutamate
glycine
nicotininc Ach

31
Q

G-protein-coupled receptors who uses them

A

hormones, neurotransmitters, amines

32
Q

G-protein-coupled receptors have what domain

A

7-membrane spanning helical domain

33
Q

which subunit of G-protein has the GTP binding site

A

Alpha

34
Q

G-protein receptors use what messengers

A

second messengers

35
Q

second messenger: cAMP regulates

A

activates cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA)

36
Q

what does adenylate cyclase do

A

produce cAMP

37
Q

second messenger cGMP regulates what and where in the body

A

PKG
mucosa
vascular smooth muscle cells

38
Q

second messenger: Calcium is used in what intracellular system

A

phospholipase C

39
Q

who generates cGMP

A

guanylate cyclase

40
Q

explain transcriptional-related receptors

A

soluble DNA-binding protein receptors bind to ligand

go to nucleus

41
Q

what molecules use transcriptional-related receptors

A

steroids, thyroid hormone, retinoids

42
Q

Desensitization

A

down-regulation

continuous stimulation of receptor

43
Q

example of desensitization

A

long term administration of agonist

44
Q

supersensitization

A

up regulation

chronic reduction of receptor stimulation

45
Q

example of supersensitization

A

chronic administration of antagnoist

46
Q

actions not mediated by receptors

A

antacids
mannitol
penicillin

POD Exam 1 (17 decks)

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