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POD Exam 1 > Microbial cell structure and classification > Flashcards

Microbial cell structure and classification Flashcards

1
Q

what in the cell are virulence factors

A

different cell structures

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2
Q

Rods

A

straight club-shaped

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3
Q

cocci

A

spherical

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4
Q

coccobacillary

A

very short rods

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5
Q

virulence factor

A

component of a cell or virus which enhances its ability to cause disease

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6
Q

flagella

A

required for movement of cell,

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7
Q

chemotaxis

A

movement toward or away from toxic substance

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8
Q

what protein makes flagella

A

flagellin

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9
Q

Monotrichous

A

single flagella

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10
Q

lophotrichous

A

multiple flagella coming out of one spot

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11
Q

amphitrichous

A

flagella coming out of either end

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12
Q

peritrichous

A

flagella coming out of everywhere

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13
Q

pili

A

allow cells to adhere to host cell or other bacterial cells

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14
Q

capsule

A
  • thick viscous layer to thin amorphous slime layer

- usually polysaccharide confers resistance to phagocytosis

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15
Q

bacterial cell contents: nucleoid

A

area containing bacterial chromosome and plasmid DNA

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16
Q

bacterial cell contents: cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

A

nutrient macromolecules are stored as large microscopically visible complexes

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17
Q

bacterial cell contents:70s ribosome

A

site of protein synthesis

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18
Q

bacterial cell contents: endospores

A

heat-resistant, dehydrated multi-layered cells that are rich in calcium dipicolinate

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19
Q

sporulation

A

forming endospores

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20
Q

bacterial cell contents: plasma membrane is equivalent to what other sturcture

A

eukaryotic membrane

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21
Q

name 3 functions of plasma membrane

A

active transport
respiratory chain
synthesis for phospholipids, LPS

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22
Q

bacterial cell contents: bacterial cell envelope

A

plasma membrane
cell wall
intervening material

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23
Q

bacterial cell envelope attaches to host cells mediated by what

A 
pili and
teichoic acids (gram + only)
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24
Q

name 2 groups bacteria can be divided into

A

gram positive

gram negative

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25
explain gram staining
1. crystal violet 2. Iodine dye ( both violet) 3. decolorization - alcohol acetone (+ violet, - clear) 4. safranin (+ purple/blue, - red)
26
what are 3 main key layers of Gram + cell
peptidoglycan teichoic acids, lipteichoic acid plasma membrane
27
peptidoglycan
complex macromolecule | -glycan polymers cross-linked by peptide chains
28
name four functions of peptidoglycan
1. diffusion of small molecules 2. shape of bacterial cell 3. phagocytosis 4. MDP
29
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is what
product of peptidoglycan degradation in host
30
MDP causes what
fever
31
Teichoic acids
water-soluble polymers
32
how is teichoic acid linked to peptidoglycan
phosphodiester linkages
33
what are common surface antigens on Gram + bacteria
TA's and LTA's Teichoic acids Lipoteichoic acids
34
what enzyme is required for transport of nurtients across plasma membrane for Gram + cell
permeases
35
what are 4 key layers of Gram -
outer membrane thin peptidoglycan periplasmic space inner plasma membrane
36
what is the outer memebrane of gram - compsed of
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
37
where is LPS located on outer memebrane for Gram -
outer leaflet only
38
LPS is sometimes called what
endotoxin
39
besides LPS what else is located on outer membrane of Gram -
porins brauns' lipoprotein omp protein
40
what are the 3 covalently linked sections for LPS
lipid A Core O antigen
41
lipid A role
endotoxic activity | anchors LPS
42
core polysaccharide structure
unusual 8 carbon sugar KDO
43
purpose for us for O antigen
helps us identify
44
LPS is shed into blood stream during bacteremia, what does it cause
synthesis of IL-1, TNF | -complement and coagulation activated
45
what are some clinical effects of LPS
sleep fever shock hypoglycemia
46
LPS and lipoteichoic acid are both what
amphipathic
47
clincially what does lipoteicoic acid cause in the body, what does it not cause unlike LPS
coagulation | not fever
48
what do prions do
form channels allows passive diffusion of small charged molecules
49
braun lipoprotiens
anchors outer membrane to peptidoglycan
50
omp proteins
stabilize outer proteins
51
form gram -, what are 4 functions of outer membrane
permeability barrier structural rigidity sieve host cell and phage attachment
52
how is gram - peptidoglycan different from the gram + layer
no pentapeptide briding | loss crosslinking, more porous
53
Perisplasmic gel contains
hydrolytic enzymes
54
what virulence factors are located in the periplasmic space
collagenases | hyluronidase
55
how are contents of periplasm released
shedding of outer membrane
56
what is in kingdom protista
eukaryotic and unicelluar
57
what is in kindgdom prokaytoia
all bacteria
58
most pathogens are in what family
eubacteria | kingdom prokaryota
59
what are 3 families in protista
protozoa algae fungi
60
what are 3 families in prokayota
cyanobacteria archaebacteria eubacteria
61
what are 2 broad classes of bacterial virulence
promote colonization | damage to host
62
what are adherence virulance factors
pili adhensions biofilms
63
invasins
bacterial surface proteins | allows entry into cells that are not naturally phagocytic
64
escape from phagocytic vesicles
- pathogens survive ingestion - leave vesicle, intracellular life - disrupts membran and escapes
65
how does Cytotoxins acquire iron
kills cell to liberate intracellular nutrients
66
what do capsules and slime layers do for evading the immune system
cover entire cell, | - network of polymers helps bacterial cell evade complement and phagocytes
67
exotoxins
toxic bacterial proteins
68
what are 3 types of exotoxins
AB toxins hemolysins superantigens
69
AB toxins
A and B subunit | enter cell by translocation or endocytosis

POD Exam 1 (17 decks)

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