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POD Exam 1 > pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacokinectics

A

quantitative expression of relationship between absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs as a function of time

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2
Q

the effect of the drug is related to what

A

blood [drug]

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3
Q

One compartment model

A

drug rapidly equilibrates between plasma and tissue relative to elimination rate

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4
Q

semi-log plot of [plasma] over time, describe graph when drug follows first order kinetics for one-compartment model

A

straight line with

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5
Q

changes in [plasma] reflects proportional change in concentration of drug where

A

tissue

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6
Q

does drug distribute to all tissues

A

no

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7
Q

how long does it take for drug to equilibriate in 2-compartment model

A

longer

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8
Q

what are the two compartments in the model

A

central and peripheral

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9
Q

in 2 compartment model, where does elimination occur

A

central compartment.

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10
Q

what are the 2 phases in semi-log plot when drug follows first order kinetics for 2 compartment model

A

initial distribution

elimination phase

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11
Q

definition of elimination kinetics first order

A

rate of decrease in [drug] is directly proportional to the amount of drug in body

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12
Q

elimination kinetics first order, what fraction of the drug is eliminated

A

constant

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13
Q

most drugs follow what order of kinetics

A

first

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14
Q

define elimination rate constant (ke)

A

fraction of drug removed at any given time is constant and independent of dose

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15
Q

semi-plot for one compartment first order kinetics will look like

A

straight linear line

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16
Q

define zero order for elimination kinetics

A

constant amount of drug eliminated independent of dose

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17
Q

describe the enzymes involved in zero order elimination kinetics

A

saturated

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18
Q

define bioavailability

A

fraction of unchanged drug reaching systemic circulation after drug administration

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19
Q

drugs administered by intravenous route have a bioavailability of what

A

1

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20
Q

all other routes besides IV of administration have a bioavailability of

A

less than or equal to 1

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21
Q

what letter represents bioavailability

A

F

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22
Q

how is bioavailability determined after IV or other administration

A

measure [plasma] as function of time

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23
Q

name two drug examples for 0 order kinetics

A

asprin

alcohol

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24
Q

graph of 0 order kinetics on linear graph

A

linear line

25
Q

The area under the curve (AUC) vs. time for bioavailability plots indicates what

A

index of extent of drug that enters the bloodstream and thus the body

26
Q

for oral administration, bio-availabilty indicates what

A

extend of absorption and/or first pass effect

27
Q

define half-life elimination

A

time needed for a 50% decrease in [ drug plasma]

28
Q

half-life is expressed in units of

A

time, hours

29
Q

equation for half life for 1 compartment model when Ke is known

A

.693/ke

30
Q

half life can be used to measure what

A

how long it takes for a drug to be totally eliminated from body

31
Q

four half lives rule

A

following 4 half lives, 94% of drug is eliminated and 6% remains in body

32
Q

equation for fraction of drug elminated from body

A

= 1- 1/(2)^n

33
Q

equation for fraction of drug remaining in body

A

1/(2)^n

34
Q

definition for volume of distribution

A

apparent volume that a drug would be distributed within once an equilibrium is established with plasma

35
Q

units for volume distribution

A

liters/kg

36
Q

what type of volume is volume of distribution

A

apparent volume

37
Q

large volumes of distribution are indication of a drug that is

A

highly lipophilic or low protein binding

38
Q

formula for volume distribution

A

Dose(iv)/ C0

39
Q

volume of distribution can be graphically determined by using what

A

plasma concentration at time 0

40
Q

define clearance

A

volume of plasma from which a drug is totally removed per unit of time

41
Q

units for clearance

A

L/hr or ml/mn

42
Q

formula for clearance

A

CL - (Ke)(Vd)

43
Q

What is half life of a drug dependent on

A

clearance and Vd

44
Q

can you use half life along to predict Vd or CL

A

no

45
Q

assuming single drug administration, [plasma] is directly proportional to what

A

dose of adminstration

46
Q

formula for calculating amount of drug (A)

A

A = (C)(Vd)

47
Q

formula for bioavailitbility (F)

A

AUC oral/ AUC iv

48
Q

if taking drug a second time, how much total drug is in the body

A

amount of second dose will be added to amount remaining from first dose

49
Q

concentration at steady state (Css) is defined as

A

average [plasma] maintained at Stead state

50
Q

when Css attained

A

after 4 half lives

51
Q

flucations between peak and trough and dependent on what

A

dosing interval

52
Q

longer the dosing interval, what happens to peak and trough

A

greater variation ini peak and trough values

53
Q

formula for Css

A

= MD (maintaned dose)/ Cl

54
Q

Maintained dose (MD)

A

(Dose)(F) / (Dosing interval)

55
Q

what is Css for constant IV infusion

A

Css = (infusion rate) / (CL)

56
Q

define loading dose

A

single large dose to produce immediate rise in [drug plasma]

57
Q

formula for loading dose

A

(Css)(Vd) / (F)

58
Q

dosing interval will have the greatest effect on which parameter for a drug which follows first order kinetics

A

peak and troughs

59
Q

to obtain stead state of a drug, what is it dependent on

A

half life

POD Exam 1 (17 decks)

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